The 2001 census of India reveals a decline in the overall child sex ratio for the age-group 0-6 years from 945 in 1991 to 927 in 2001. Contrary to the belief that the malaise is typical to rural, backward areas, urban centers more literate and liberal have shown a drop from 935 in 1991 to 906 in 2001.
In Delhi, the national capital, the child sex ratio is an alarming 868. While the reasons for this vary from higher female mortality at a younger age as a result of neglect to infanticide and foeticide; the dismal numbers are a telling comment on the educated society that refuses to rid itself of its regressive male bias.
The Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques Regulations and Prevention of Misuse Act came into force in 1994 to curb selective sex determination. With rapid improvements in diagnostic technology the Act was amended in 2003 in order that it became more comprehensive and was renamed the preconception and Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act.
To monitor the implementation of the PC and PNDT Act, the ministry of Health and Family Welfare has set up a Central Supervisory Board as well as state-level supervisory committees. A ministry report indicates that there are 420 ongoing court/police cases for violations of the law. Of these only 65 cases relate to identification and revelation of the sex of the foetus, 43 are against people who have advertised facilities for sex selection and the rest are for non-registration of clinics/facilities.
Apart from the nature of the Act, government inaction in most cases is due to the fact that the patient, her family and the violators of the law are hand in-glove. The Annual Report (2006) of the PC and PNDT division also identifies the non­availability of evidence or witnesses as the chief hindrance to implementing the law. The unscrupulous doctors and patients have developed their own sex determination code language to circumvent the law. For an instance if a doctor says collect the report on Monday the family is meant to infer that the unborn child is a boy. Friday connotes the girl child. Also signing a report in blue ink indicates a boy while red ink is meant for baby girls. The Annual Report mentions the fact the CMO or CS is usually not empowered enough to bring violators to book. Also abortions to limit family size add to the difficulty of nabbing guilty.
Despite the loopholes the government has exerted itself to advocate the girl child's right to live. A new website has been launched www.pndt.gov.in with the facility to file a complaint online against doctors, maternity homes and clinics. The organizations like Sonological Society of India are also supporting the government initiatives.


1. What are the reasons for decline in child sex ratio

2. Name the recent act which has been enforced to curb selective sex determination. Also state reasons for amendment of this act.

3. State the recent mechanism adopted by government non-government organizations to redress this issue.

4. What measures should the public adopt to make this law implementable and sustainable

5. Explain how the nexus of patient and doctor are able to circumvent the enacted law


6. Parenteral Nutrition.

7. Antioxidants

8. HACCP

9. Dextrinization
10. Work simplification
11. Emulsions

12. Importance of Ergonomics in home.

13. Empowerment of consumers by Right to information.

14. Measurement and Evaluation.

15. Self Help groups.

16. Risk and Resilience.

17. Metacognition

18. Print media

19. Phulkaris of Punjab

20. Fashion Adoption Theory

21. Describe the effect of heat, acid and alkalie on the pigments of vegetables.

22. Discuss the causes of vitamin A deficiency among preschool children. What strategies should be used to control VAD

23. List the different methods of Food Preservation. Discuss the role of different preservative agents used for food preservation.

24. What are probiotics Enumerate their role in health promotion.

25. Discuss the causes of PEM among preschool children. What steps should be taken to control PEM
21. Discuss the factors affecting menu planning in a food service unit.

22. Suggest the merchandising strategies to enhance sales.

23. Discuss the theories that influence the motivational plan.

24. Discuss the role of diet in reducing the risk of cardio-vascular disease in population.

25. Enumerate the dietary principles in planning diet for an adolescent suffering from IDDM.

21. What is formal and informal developmental assessment If you are assessing school going children, which

22. Human ecological environment is directly related to individual's personal and professional achievements
23. How prosocial behaviour evolves, and what are its major determinants Strengthen your answer with suitable
24. A society which has 39 percent children (one percent needs special attention) in its population, 90 per cent mothers of this society are working. Plan an early childhood care and education unit to serve this society.

25. Express your views regarding child labour. Make an educational and health plan for child labour to bring them into normal stream.
21. Explain the microscopic appearance, burning test and two chemical tests to identify silk, polyester and wool.
22. Differentiate among simple, ply and novelty yarns. Describe different types of novelty yarns.

23. Pigment colours and dyes are different. Explain.

24. Define Fashion Explain the factors influencing fashion.

25. Distinguish between Karnataka Kasuti and Kanta of Bengal in detail.

21. Workplace can play an important role in reducing the human cost of work, comment.

22. A consumer is often cheated in the market in terms of adulteration and duplicate items. What measures you would suggest ensuring protection to consumer in this regards

23. Barriers often interfere in effective communication among family members, state your agreement disagreement. Explain various ways in which interpersonal communication can be improved.

24. Explain family as a system and its interaction with various environments.

25. Discuss the various techniques of work simplification and their relevance to home activities.

21. Write the philosophy and functions of extension education.

22. Define leadership and write various types of leadership.

23. Explain Berlo (1960) model of communication. ‚¥øÊ/U .§Ê '/U‹Ê. (1960) .Ê.«U‹ ‚.¤ÊÊßÿ.-

24. Describe sustainable development and write the measures for its achievement.

25. Explain participatory rural appraisal and advantages of its use in field study.

26. Greater reservation of women in Panchayat Raj system has empowered women politically, comment.

27. Energy saved is energy generated, discuss.