Exam Details

Subject public administration
Paper paper 2
Exam / Course ugc net national eligibility test
Department
Organization university grants commission
Position
Exam Date 28, August, 2016
City, State ,


Question Paper

PAPER-II
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION







PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Paper II

Note This paper contains fifty objective type questions of two marks each. All questions are compulsory.
1. 'Public Administration is detailed and systematic execution of Law.' This statement was given by

Herbert A. Simon John A. Veig


Willoughby Woodrow Wilson


2. Consider the following proactive steps listed by David Rosenblom to make public administration stronger and robust field'.

Public Administration to be inter disciplinary by shunning its orthodoxy.


Collaborative research


To maintain methodological and epistemological pluralism in public administration.
Understanding the non-western administration.
Select the correct answer by using code given below

Codes

and


and


and


and


3. Which of the followings are the features of administrators of New Public Administration

Positive Proactive


Responsive Authoritarian
Select the correct answer from the codes given below




Codes

and


and


and


and


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Ÿë ÛúÖ®Ûú ¯Ö¿ÖÖÃÖ®Ö Ûú ¯Ö¿ÖÖÃÖÛúÖÛúß ×¾Ö¿ÖÂÖŸÖÖ‹Æü

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»ÖõÖß


†®Öã×Ûú.ÖÖŸ´ÎÖÛú


ÃÖ¢ÖÖ¾ÖÖ¤üß
®Öß"Öê פü‹ ÝÖ‹ Ûæú™üÖë Ûúß ÃÖÆüÖ.ÖŸÖÖ ÃÖê ÃÖÆüß ˆ¢Ö¸ü ÛúÖ "Ö.Ö®Ö Ûúßו֋



Ûú™æü:

ŸÖ£ÖÖ


ŸÖ£ÖÖ


ŸÖ£ÖÖ


ŸÖ£ÖÖ


4. Minnow Brook conferences were held in which of the following university

Harward University Syracuse University


California University Yale University


5. Which one of the following is relevant to the study of complex public organizations that have diversified structure

Systems Approach Institutional Approach


Structural Approach Ecological Approach


6. Assertion The administrative theory is still in its pre-paradigmatic stage.
Reason It is marked by a plethora of competing school, a polyglot of languages and accordingly, a confusion of logic.
Codes

Both and are correct and is the correct explanation of


Both and are correct, but is not the correct explanation of


is true, but is false.


is false, but is true.


7. Which one of the following is considered by Max Weber as the most powerful weapon for restraining bureaucracy

Collegiality Separation of Powers


Direct Democracy Representation


8. 'Morale is a feeling, somewhat related to esprit de corps, enthusiasm or zeal'. This statement is made by

Filippo Yoder


Jucius McFarland


9. Whose theory on span of control can be mathematically expressed as n(2n/2 n where n stands for the number of subordinates reporting directly to the supervisor

Sir Ian Hamilton V.A. Graicunus


Lyndall Urwich J.D. Mooney



4. ×´Ö®®Ö ²ÖãêÖ×ÜÖÖ ´ÖÃÖê ë †Ö.ÖÖêÖ ×Ûú‹ ÝÖ‹ ÎÛú ÃÖ´´Ö»Ö®Ö ×®Ö´®Ö×»Ÿë ×ÛúÃÖ ×¾Ö¿¾Ö×¾ÖªÖ»Ö.Ö ´Öו֟

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»Ö ×¾Ö¿¾Ö×¾ÖªÖ»Ö.Ö
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¾.Ö¾ÖãÖÖ ˆ¯ÖÖÝÖ´Ö ÃÖÓÖ´Ö

ãÖÖÝÖŸÖ ˆ¯ÖÖÝ


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ú ‡ÃÖÛúß ×¾Ö¿ÖÂÖŸÖÖ ¯Öןï¬á ô¯Ï.ÖÛúß ²ÖÆüîüãü Ôî… Ûú™æü

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ë £ÖŒÛú¸ü


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8. ³ÖÖ¾Ö®ÖÖ Æü וÖÃÖÛúÖ Ûãû Ûãû ÃÖÓÓüß´Ö ³ÖÖ¾Ö®ÖÖ (‹ÃÖׯÖ׸ü™ü üß ÛúÖêÔü .ÖÖ ˆ´ÖÓê î…' .ÖÆü Ûú£Ö®Ö ×ÛúÃÖÛúÖ Æîü

×±ú×»Ö¯¯ÖÖê .ÖÖ›êü¸ü


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×ÃÖ.ÖÃÖ Ûú±ú¸›ü
9. ×®Ö.ÖÓÞÖ Ûú õÖêê n(2n/2 n Ûú ºþ¯Ö ´ÖÝÖ×ÞÖŸÖß.Ö †×³Ö¾.Ö׌ŸÖ ×ÛúÃÖÛú «Ö¸üÖ Ûúß ÝÖ‡Ô ×•ÖÃÖ´Öë n ÛúÖ ÃÖ´²Ö®¬Ö
¡Ö ê¡ÖÛúÖêë êü
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×»Ö®›ü»Ö ˆ¸ü×¾ÖÛú •Ö.›êüß. ´Ö®Öæê


10. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the Scanlon plan

It is a philosophy of management based on theoretical assumption consistent with theory Y.


It has a feature of loss reduction.


It supports effective participation.


It helps to understand manager's behaviour.


11. Which one of the following needs is placed at the top of Hierarchical needs in the Maslow' revised eight stage model during 1970s

Self-Actualization needs Transcendence needs


Aesthetic needs Cognitive needs


12. Match List I with List II. Select the correct answer from the codes given below
List- I List- II (Theory) (Explanation)
a.
Trait theory of Leadership i. The traits and skills of leadership varies with situations

b.
The situational theory of ii. Leadership is concerned with
leadership motivation of subordinates


c.
Contingency theory of iii. Leadership qualities can be acquired leadership

d.
Path-Goal leadership theory iv. Leadership is concerned with styles and situation


Codes
a b cd

i ii iii iv


ii i iv iii


iii i iv ii


iii ii iv i


13. Prime Minister's Office (P.M.O.) is headed by

Prime Minister of India


Cabinet Secretary


Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister


National Security Advisor


14. Which of the following statement regarding The Estimates Committee of Parliament is not correct

The term of the Estimates Committee is one year.


All its members are from the Lok Sabha.


The ministers can be the members of the Estimates Committee.


The chairperson of the Committee is appointed by the speaker from its members.


ê ®ÖÃÖÖ‹ÛúÃÛêüî
10. ×®Ö´®Ö ´Öë ÃÖÛúÖîêú®Ö»Ö®Ö ¯»ÖÖ®Ö Ûúß ×¾Ö¿ÖÂÖŸÖÖ ®ÖÆà Æü

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üêºþ¯ÖÃÖîüÏ¿ÖÔî…


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³ÖÖ¾Öß ³ÖÖÝÖߤÔî



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12. ÃÖæê ÃÖæú ÃÖÖ£Ö ÃÖ´Öêê פüú™æÖë Ûúß ÃÖÆüÖ.ÖŸÖÖ ÃÖÃÖÆüß ˆ¢Ö¸ü ÛúÖ ".Ö®Ö Ûúßו֋ I ÛúÖ"Öß II Ûêã×»ÖŸÖÛúßו֋…®Öß"Ö‹Ûüê Ö
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b. ®ÖêŸ¾Ö ÛúÖ ¯Ö׸ü×ãÖ×ŸÖ •Ö®.Ö ii. ®ÖêéÖãÖÖÛúß †×³Ö¯Ï¸üÞÖÖ ÃÖê ÃÖ´²Ö×®¬ÖŸÖ
ŸÖéŸÖŸ¾Ö †¬Öß®ë Öê
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c.
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d.
®ÖêŸ¾Ö ÛúÖ ´ÖÖÝÖ­»Öõ.Ö ×ÃÖ¨üÖ®ŸÖ iv. ®ÖêŸ¾Ö ¿ÖîÓ ¯Ö׸üê ÃÖ´²Ö×®¬ÖŸÖ ü


ŸÖéÔŸÖé»Öß ‹¾Ö×ãÖ×ŸÖ ÃÖÆî…
Ûú™æü
a b cd

i ii iii iv


ii i iv iii


iii i iv ii


iii ii iv i


13. ¯ÖÏ¡Öß ÛúÖ.Ö»Ö.Ö (¯Öß.‹´Ö.†êÖ †¬.ÖîüÖŸÖÖ ´ÖÓÖÔÖ.) ÛúõÖ ÛúÖ®Ö Æêüî

´ÖÓ(2) ´ÖÓ›ü»Ö ÃÖ×"Ö¾Ö (Ûúײ֮֙ü ÃÖÛêü¸üß)

ŸÖ ÛúÖ ¯ÖÏ¡Öß ×¡Ö´ÖÓîêêú™Î


¯ÖÏ¡Öß ÛúÖ ¯Ö´Öã(4) ¸üÖ™üß.Ö ÃÖ¸üõÖÖ ÃÖ»ÖÖÆüÛúÖ¸ü


´ÖÓÏÜÖ ÃÖ×"Ö¾Ö Òã
14. ×®Ö´®Ö×»Ö×ÜÖŸÖ ´Öë ÃÖê ®îÖ ÃÖ¤Óü ÖŒÛú»Ö®Ö ÃÖ×´Ö×ŸÖ ÛÏê²ÖÓ¬Ö Ó´Öë ÃÖÆüß
ÛúÖÃÖÖ Ûú£Ö®Ö ÃÖÛúß ¯Öú ÃÖà Æü

¯ÖÏÛúÖ»Ö ‹Ûú ¾ÖÂÖÛúÖ ÆÖêü

ÖŒÛú»Ö®Ö ÃÖ×´Ö×ŸÖ ÛúÖ ÛúÖ.ÖÔÔ üŸÖÖ Æî…


‡ÃÖÛêú ÃÖ³Öß ÃÖ¤üÃ.Ö »ÖÖêÛú ÃÖ³ÖÖ ÃÖê ÆüÖêŸÖê Æïü …


´ÖÓÖŒÛú»Ö®Ö ÃÖ×´Ö×ŸÖ ú ÃÖ¤üÃ.Ö ÆüÖÃÖÛúŸÖÆü

¡Ö߯ÖÏÛêê ê ï…


‡ÃÖ ÃÖ×´Ö×ŸÖ Ûêú ÃÖ³ÖÖ¯Ö×ŸÖ Ûúß ×®Ö.Öã׌ŸÖ †¬.ÖõÖ «üÖ¸üÖ ‡ÃÖÛêú ÃÖ¤üÃ.ÖÖë ´Öë ÃÖê »Öß •ÖÖŸÖß Æüî…


15. The Comptroller and Auditor General of India can be removed by

President of India Prime Minister


Supreme Court of India Parliament


16. Which of the following commission/committee suggested the constitution of the office of Ethics Commissioner by each House of Parliament

Santhanam Committee


Ethics Committee of the Rajya Sabha


First Administrative Reforms Commission


Second Administrative Reforms Commission


17. Under which one of the following articles of Indian Constitution the Governor of a State enjoys certain immunities

Article 301 Article 321


Article 341 Article 361


18. Assertion In a federal system, Centre-State relations is a matter of crucial importance. Reason Indian constitution provides only skeleton provisions on this matter. Codes

Both and are correct and is the correct explanation of


Both and are correct, but is not the correct explanation of


is true, but is false.


is false, but is true.


19. The digital era has ushered in a new kind of journalism in which citizens play a greater role in news making for development of society. This is known as

Yellow Journalism Advocacy Journalism


Citizen Journalism Investigation Journalism


20. Which of the following are the advantages of computer-based training over class based training

Addresses group rather than individual.


Learning can be at any place and time.


Learning training can take place on the job as the time is available.
Changes to course materials can be made available immediately.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below

Codes

and and


and and


ŸÖ Ûê ¡ÖÛú ‹¾ÖÖ»ÖßõÖÛú ÛúÖÖ×ÛúÃÖÛÖ.ÖÖ •ÖÖ ÃÖÛúŸÖÖ Æü

15. ³ÖÖ¸üú ×®Ö.ÖÓÓ ´ÖÆüêÜÖÖ ¯Ö¸üê ×®Ö´®Ö×»Ö×ÜÖŸÖ ´ë ÃÖê ú «êüÖ¸üÖ Æü™üî?

³ÖÖ¸üŸÖ ÛúÖ ¸üÒ¯Ö×ŸÖ ¯ÖÏ¡Öß

Ö™ü ¬ÖÖ®Ö ´ÖÓ


³ÖÖ¸üú ÃÖ¾ÖÖì(4) ÃÖÓ


ŸÖ Ûê ""Ö ®.ÖÖ.ÖÖ»Ö.Ö ÃÖ¤ü

16. ×®Ö´®Ö×»Ö×ÜÖÖ ´Öë ÃÖê ×ÛúÃÖ †Ö.ÖêÖ/ÃÖ×´Ö×ŸÖ ®Öê ÃÖÓü ÛêÏêü®Ö «Ö¸üîãêü êéãŸÖÝÃÖ¤ú ¯ÖŸ.ÖÛú ÃÖ¤üÖ ®ÖןÖÛú †Ö.ÖŒŸÖ Ûú ¯Ö¤Ûú ÃÖ•Ö®Ö ÛúÖ ÃÖ—ÖÖ¾Ö
פü.ÖÖ Æüî?

ÃÖ®£ÖÖ®Ö´Ö ÃÖ×´Ö×ŸÖ ¸üÖ•.Ö ÃÖ³ÖÖ Ûúß †Ö"ÖÖ¸ü ÃÖ×´ÖןÖ
£Ö´Ö¯ÖÏãêÖ ×«¿ÖÛúÃãÝ



¯ÖÏ¿ÖÖÃÖ×®ÖÛú ÃÖ¬ÖÖ¸ü †Ö.ÖÖÝ(4) üŸÖß.Ö ¯ÖÏÖÃÖ×®ÖÖ¬ÖÖ¸ü †Ö.ÖÖêÖ


ŸÖ Ûê ×¾Ö¬ÖÖ®Ö Ûêãê¤ú †®ŸÖÝÖŸú ãû ׌ŸÖ.ÖÖÏî

17. ³ÖÖ¸üú ÃÖÓú ×ÛúÃÖ †®Ö""ûü ÛêÔÖ ¸üÖ•.Ö Ûê¸üÖ•.Ö¯ÖÖ»Ö ÛúÖê Ûú"ˆ®´ÖãÑ ¯ÖÖ¯ŸÖ Æü

†®Ö""ãêû¤ü 301 †®Ö""ãûê¤ü 321


†®Ö""ãêû¤ü 341 †®Ö""ãûê¤ü 361


18. †×³ÖÛú£Ö®Ö ÃÖÓ'Öß.Ö ¾.Ö¾ÖãÖÖ ´Öë Ûëú¦ü­¸üÖ•.ÖÖë Ûêú ²Öß"Ö ÛúÖ ÃÖÓ²ÖÓ¬Ö ²ÖÆãüŸÖ ´ÖÆü¢¾Ö¯ÖÞÖæÔ ×¾ÖÂÖ.Ö Æüî… ŸÖÛÔ: üŸÖß.ÖÃÖë ü êÏüê ÖÆü…
ú ³ÖÖ¸Ó×¾Ö¬ÖÖ®Ö ´Ö‡ÃÖ ×¾ÖÂÖ.Ö ¯Ö¸Ûú¾Ö»Ö ²Öß•ÖÛú ¯ÖÖ¾Ö¬ÖÖ®Ö ×¤.ÖÝÖ.ê ï
Ûú™æü


ŸÖ£ÖÖ ¤üÖê®ÖÖë ÃÖÆüß Æïü ŸÖ£ÖÖü Ûúß ÃÖÆüß ¾.ÖÖÜ.ÖÖ Æüî…


ŸÖ£ÖÖ ¤üÖê®ÖÖë ÃÖÆüß ¯Ö¸ü®ŸÖã Ûúß ÃÖÆüß ¾.ÖÖÜ.ÖÖ ®ÖÆüà Æüî…


ÃÖÆüß Æîü, ¯Ö¸ü®ŸÖã ÝÖ»ÖŸÖ Æüî…


ÝÖ»ÖŸÖ Æîü, ¯Ö¸ü®ŸÖã ÃÖÆüß Æüî…



19. ×›üו֙ü»Ö .ÖÝÖ ®Öê ¯Ö¡ÖÛúÖ׸üŸÖÛú ‹Ûú ‹ÃÖê ÝÖ ÛúÖ †Ö¸üü וÖÃÖ´Öë ®ÖÖÝÖ׸üÛú ÃÖ´ÖÖ•Ö Ûêê
ãÖ êê®Ö‹ .Öã´³Ö ×Ûú.ÖÖ Æîú ×¾ÖÛúÖÃÖ Ûú ×»Ö‹ ÃÖ´ÖÖ"ÖÖ¸ü ´Öë ²Ö›üÌß ³Öæ×´ÖÛúÖ ×®Ö³ÖÖŸÖê ‡ÃÖê ÛúÆüÖ •ÖÖŸÖÖ Æîü

¯ÖßŸÖ ¯¡ÛúÖ׸üŸÖ(2) ‹›üÛêêüŸÖÖ

ÖÖ Ö ¾ÖÖúÃÖß ¯Ö¡ÖÛúÖ׸


®ÖÖÝÖ׸üÛú ¯Ö¡ÖÛúÖ׸üŸÖÖ †®¾ÖêüüŸÖÖ


ÂÖÞÖ¯Ö¸Ûú ¯Ö¡ÖÛúÖ׸

20. ×®Ö´®Ö×»Ö×ÜÖŸÖ ´Öë ÃÖê ®îÖ ÃÖê ÛúõÖÖ †Ö¬ÖÖ׸üŸÖ ¯Ö׿ÖõÖÞÖ Ûúß ŸÖãë Ûú´¯.Öæü¸ü †Ö¬ÖÖ׸üŸÖ ¯ÖÏú »ÖÖ³Ö Æêï?
ÛúÖ Ï»Ö®ÖÖ ´Ö™×¿ÖõÖÞÖ Ûü

.ÖÆü ÃÖ´ÖæÆü ¯Ö¸ü ¤êüŸÖÖ Æüî®Ö ×Ûú ¾.Ö׌ŸÖ ¯Ö¸ü …


×ÛúÃÖß ³Öß Ã£ÖÖ®Ö †Öî¸ü ÃÖ´Ö.Ö ´Öë ÃÖßÜÖÖ •ÖÖ ÃÖÛúŸÖÖ Æîü …


ÃÖßÜÖ®Öê Ûúß ×ÛÎú.ÖÖ/¯ÖÏ׿ÖõÖÞÖ ÛúÖ ÛúÖ.ÖÔ, ÛúÖ.ÖÔ Ûú¸üŸÖê Æãü‹ ˆ¯Ö»Ö²¬Ö ×ÛúÃÖß ³Öß ÃÖ´Ö.Ö ÆüÖê ÃÖÛúŸÖÖ Æüî…
¯ÖÖšü.ÖÛÎÏë ¯Ö׸üÔÖÖ»Ö ×Ûú.ÖÖ •ÖÖ ÃÖÛúŸÖÖ Æîü …
Ëú´Ö ÃÖÖ´ÖÝÖß ´Ö¾ÖŸÖ®Ö ŸŸÛú
®Öß"Öê פü‹ Ûú™æüÖë ´Öë ÃÖê ÃÖÆüß ˆ¢Ö¸ü ÛúÖ "Ö.Ö®Ö Ûúßו֋

Ûú™æü:

†Ö¸îü †Ö¸îü


†Ö¸îü †Ö¸îü



21. Which of the following institution and mechanism outside the state is considered highly effective for promoting accountability by the second administrative reforms commission

Citizen's Charter Civil society


Media Elections


22. Assertion NITI Aayog is meant to faster co-operative federalism. Reason The NITI Aayog would lay special emphasis on the weaker sections of
the society.
Select the correct answer using codes given below

Codes

Both and are correct and is the correct explanation of


Both and are correct, but is not the correct explanation of


is true, but is false.


is false, but is true.


23. 'The state shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and wildlife of the country.' This is reflected in which of the following

Resolutions of UN Habitat


Article 48-A of the Indian Constitution


Directions of the Green Tribunal


Resolution of the Indian Parliament


24. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by using codes given below
List- I List- II (Police Agency) (Ministry/Government)
a.
Civil Police i. Ministry of Home Affairs

b.
Railway Protection Forces ii. Ministry of Defence

c.
Assam Rifles iii. Ministry of Railways

d.
Defence Security Forces iv. State Government



Codes
a b cd

i ii iii iv


ii iii iv i


iv iii ii i


iv iii i ii




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a b c d
i ii iv iv ii iii iii iii iii iv ii i iv i i ii
J-14-16 11 Paper-II

25. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of scientific method

Reliance on empirical evidences


Intra subjectivity


Generality


Predictions based on probability


26. Conducting literature review in a research study does not refer to

Analysis of previous research on the topic.


Reading and analyzing published material.


Gathering previous published ideas.


Testing hypotheses of the proposed research study.


27. Which of the followings are the features of scientific research

Objectivity


Verifiability


Value-ladden


Systematic
Select the correct answer using the codes given below



Codes

and and


and and


28. Closed ended questions entail

Fixed range of answers


Detailed and elaborate responses


Demographic characteristics of respondents related questions


Personal information questions


29. Which one of following is not correct about Endnotes and Footnotes while writing a research paper

Endnotes are placed at the end of the paper before bibliography


These are the tools to include additional information


Personal observations/comments cannot be expressed in endnotes and footnotes.


Endnote and Footnotes are used to tell the source of idea to the reader



25. ×®Ö´®Ö×»Ö×ÜÖÖ´ÖÃÖê îÖÃÖß¾ÖîÖêüî?Ÿë ÛúÖ®-ÖÖ×®Ûú ×¾Ö×¬Ö Ûúß ×¾Ö¿ÖÂÖŸÖÖ ®ÖÆà Æü

†Ö®Öã´ÖÖÞÖÖë ¯Ö¸ü ×®Ö³Ö¸üŸÖÖ †ŸÖ¸ü.Ö׌ŸÖÛúŸÖÖ

³Ö×¾ÖÛú ¯ÖÏÔ ÓÖ ¾Öî


ÃÖÖ´ÖÖ®.ÖŸÖÖ ÃÖÓü †Ö¬ÖÖ׸üŸÖ ³Ö×¾ÖÂ.Ö¾ÖÞÖß


³ÖÖ¾.ÖŸÖÖ ¯Ö¸ Ö

26. ×ÛúÃÖß ¿ÖÖ¬Ö †¬.Ö.Ö®Ö ê´Öë ÃÖÖ×ÆüŸ.Ö ÛúÖ ¯Öã®Ö¸üÖ¾Ö»ÖÖÛú®Ö ×®Ö´®Ö ê´Öë ÃÖê ×ÛúÃÖÃÖê ÃÖÓ²Ö×¬ÖŸÖ ®ÖÆÓüà Æîü

ˆÃÖß ×¾ÖÂÖ.Ö ¯Ö¸ü ü‹ ¯Ö¾ÖæÔ †®ÖãÓê

ÆãÃÖ¬ÖÖ®Ö ÛúÖ ×¾Ö¿»ÖÂÖÞÖ


¯ÖÏÏÖšü®Ö ŸÖÖÖ ×¾ÖêÖÞÖ


ÛúÖ×¿ÖŸÖ ÃÖÖ´ÖÝÖß ÛúÖ ¯£¿»ÖÂ
¾ÖÛúÖ×¿ÖŸÖ ×¾Ö"ÖÖ¸ë ëÞÖ

¯ÖæÔ ÛúÖ ‹Ûú¡ÖßÛú¸ü
ßÖÖ×¾ÖŸêÛú»¯



¯ÖÏÖ ¿ÖÖ¬Ö †¬.Ö.Ö®Ö Ûúß ˆ¯ÖÖ®ÖÖ†Öë ÛúÖ ¯Ö¸üßõÖÞÖ



27. ×®Ö´®Ö×»Ö×ÜÖÖ ´ÖÃÖê îÖ ÃÖß ¾ÖîÖÖÃÖÓÂÖŸÖÖ‹ÆüŸë ÛúÖ®-ÖÖ×®Ûú †®ã¬ÖÖ®Ö Ûúß ×¾Ö¿ÖêÑ

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×®Ö´®Ö×»Ö×ÜÖŸÖ Ûæú™üÖë Ûúß ÃÖÆüÖ.ÖŸÖÖ ÃÖê ÃÖÆüß ˆ¢Ö¸ü ÛúÖ "Ö.Ö®Ö Ûúßו֋

Ûú™æü:

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28. ²ÖÓü ¯ÖÞÖÖ»Öß (Œ»ÖÖêü ‹›ü›) ÛêÏê ÆüÖŸÖÆï, ו֮Æë"ÖÖ×Æü‹¤Ï•›Óêüú¯Ö¿®Ö¾Öêê üü

×®Ö¬ÖÖÔ׸üŸÖ ÁÖÞÖß Ûêêú ˆ¢Ö¸ü


×¾ÖßÖéŸÖ ‹¾ÖÓ ¯Ö׸üÂÛéúŸÖ ˆ¢Ö¸ü


ˆ¢Ö¸ü¤üÖŸÖÖ Ûúß •Ö®ÖÖ×ÛúÛúß ×¾Ö¿ÖÂÖŸÖÖ†ÖÃÖê ÃÖ²ÖÓÖÛú¸üß

Óêë Ó׬֟֕ÖÖ®Ö


¾.Ö׌ŸÖÝÖŸÖ •ÖÖ®ÖÛúÖ¸üß ´ÖÖÝÑÖ®Öê ¾ÖÖ»Öê ¯Ö¿®ÏÖ


29. ¿ÖÖ¬Ö¯Ö¡Ö ×»ÖÜÖŸê ÃÖ´Ö.Ö ÓÖ´Ö ×™üÖÖ (‹Þ›ü ŸÖ£ÖÖ ¯ÖÖ¤ü ×™ü¯¯ÖÞÖ Ûêê´Öë ë ÃÖê Œ.ÖÖ ÃÖÆüßêֆן¯¯Þ®ÖÖ™ãú™ê™ú ²ÖÖ¸ü ×®Ö´®Ö×»Ö×ÜÖŸÖ ´Ö®ÖÆüà Æîü

†×ŸÖ´Ö×™üÓæêæÔ êêÓëפü.ÖÖ•ÖÖŸÖÖÆü…

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Ó ÖÖÝê ÛúÖ ÄÖÖŸÖ ²ÖŸÖÖ®ÖÛú ×»Ö‹ ×Ûú.ÖÖ •ÖÖŸÖÖ Æü
30. Who among following emphasizes the importance of learning from different experiences to evolve a meaningful method


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