FINAL EXAM NATIONAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS
JUNE 2016
POSSESSION USE OF CELL PHONES OR ANY SUCH ELECTRONIC GADGETS IS NOT PERMITTED INSIDE THE
EXAMINATION HALL.
NEPHROLOGY
PAPER I
NEPH/J/16/20/I
Time 3 hours
Max. Marks 100
Important instructions:
• Attempt all questions in order.
• Each question carries 10 marks.
• Read the question carefully and answer to the point neatly and legibly.
• Do not leave any blank pages between two answers.
• Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space.
• Answer all the parts of a single question together.
• Start the answer to a question on a fresh page or leave adequate space between two answers.
• Draw table/diagrams/flowcharts wherever appropriate.
Write short notes on:
1. Draw labeled diagram(s) glomerular basement membrane.
Mechanisms of proteinuria.
4+6
2. Draw and label the parts of the Juxta Glomerular Apparatus.
Counter current multiplier system
4+6
3. Transtubular Potassium Gradient.
Fractional excretion of sodium.
5+5
4. Diuretic resistance.
Urinary anion gap.
7+3
5. Pathogenesis of glomerular crescents.
Antigens identified in glomerulonephritis.
5+5
6. Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of anti-diuretic hormone
Etiology, diagnosis management.

7. Approach to renal biopsy in a patient on antiplatelet agents.
Mention the distinguishing histopathological features of
primary versus secondary membranous nephropathy.
6+4
8. Draw a diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemic metabolic
alkalosis.
Approach to a patient with hypercalcemia
5+5
9. C3 glomerulonephritis.
Complement Membrane Attack Complex.
5+5
10. Molecular genetics of Alport's syndrome.
Genetics of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
5+5