Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow based on your understanding of the passage Many European scholars, mostly Germanic, do not use terms connoting either 'folk life' or 'folk culture' because of their lingering sense of the inappropriateness of the designated terms. In post-World War II Germany, for example, there has been an academic awareness that the term 'Volkskunde', was used by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party as a mode of propaganda to legitimise and justify the superiority of their selfperceived Aryan origins, and the systematic extermination of the European Jewish population. Folklore was manipulated to serve the cause of the war. It operated as a powerful vehicle for the manipulation of symbols in order to sway popular public opinion in the direction of Nazism. For example, it was not an accident that the Swastika was borrowed from Hindu culture to be used as the national symbol of the Nazi Party. Using the Swastika enabled party sympathizers to link up German culture with their misconceived notion of Aryan (i.e. Hindu Indian) origins. In the process of appropriating the Swastika, the Nazis changed its meaning as well. The Swastika, connoting prosperity and auspiciousness in the Indian context came to mean fear and death for Jews throughout the world. This is an unfortunately tragic example of the misuse and abuse of folklore in a political context. Some German folklorists have thus become ashamed and embarrassed by the terms historical and political connotations.

1. What was the purpose of using 'Swastika' by the Nazis

2. Why German folklorists do not use the 'folk life' or 'folk culture'

3. How the Nazis manipulated folklore in Germany

4. What kind of folklorism being reflected in the manipulation of folklore by Nazis

5. Give example of the misuse and abuse of folklore.

6. What is meant by

7. What is 'diffusion' in folkloristics

8. How could you identify a genuine informant

9. What is Stith Thompson's contribution to folktale study

10. What are the defining features of a folk song

11. What is a motif

12. Define ritual theatre.

13. What do you mean by proverbial lore

14. Describe the difference between folk media and mass media.

15. What is the scope of innovation in folklore

16. Differentiate between oral and written literature.

17. Define 'folkloristics'.

18. Differentiate between folk culture and popular culture.

19. What do you mean by polygenesis

20. Define ethnic identity.

21. Discuss the role of folklore archives in the current situation of globalisation.

22. Discuss briefly on folklore and oral history.

23. Discuss colonial model in Indian folklore studies.

24. "Folklore is an echo of the past but at the same time it is also the vigorous voice of the present." Discuss.

25. What are the characteristics of folktale Describe the social elements depicted in folktales with illustrative examples.

26. What are the obstacles in maintaining folkloristics as an independent social science Give your views.

27. Illustrate the role and extension of folklore in contemporary societal context.

28. Illustrate the relevance of folk medicine in our society where various modern medical systems dominate.