FINAL EXAM NATIONAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS
JUNE 2016

POSSESSION USE OF CELL PHONES OR ANY SUCH ELECTRONIC GADGETS IS NOT PERMITTED INSIDE THE
EXAMINATION HALL.
CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY
PAPER I
CTH/J/16/04/I
Time 3 hours
Max. Marks 100
Important instructions:
• Attempt all questions in order.
• Each question carries 10 marks.
• Read the question carefully and answer to the point neatly and legibly.
• Do not leave any blank pages between two answers.
• Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space.
• Answer all the parts of a single question together.
• Start the answer to a question on a fresh page or leave adequate space between two answers.
• Draw table/diagrams/flowcharts wherever appropriate.
Write short notes on:
1. Classification of Antiarrhythmic drugs
Management of ventricular arrhythmias.
4+6
2. Anatomy of Tracheo-bronchial tree with special emphasis on:
Carina
Endoscopic anatomy
Relations of left and right bronchus
Difference between broncho-pulmonary segments of left
and right side

3. Myocardial preservation with special reference to:
Temperature warm versus cold cardioplegia
Antegrade versus retrograde cardioplegia
Crystalloid versus blood cardioplegia

4. Vulnerable plaque with special emphasis on:
Pathology
Chemical composition
Identification

5. Embryology of development of aortic arches
Vascular ring anomalies
5+5
6. Foetal circulation with special emphasis on:
Normal anatomy
Changes at birth
Physiological consequences

7. Univariate versus multivariate analysis
Mean Versus mode
Z Score
Relevance of value


8. Antibiotics in cardiac surgery:
Perioperative prophylaxis
Infective endocarditis prophylaxis: when and how?
Early prosthetic valve endocarditis

9. Cardiopulmonary Bypass:
Deleterious effects
Role of WBC
Alphastat and pH stat strategy
Hypothermia

10. Assessment of pulmonary arterial pressure on Echocardiography:
Speckle tracking
Spontaneous Echo contrast
Myocardial viability tests