FINAL EXAM NATIONAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS
DECEMBER 2017

POSSESSION/USE OF CELL PHONES OR ANY SUCH ELECTRONIC GADGETS IS NOT PERMITTED INSIDE THE EXAMINATION HALL.
CARDIO THORACIC SURGERY
PAPER I
Time 3 hours CTH/D/17/D/04/I
Max. Marks 100
Important instructions:
• Attempt all questions in order.
• Each question carries 10 marks.
• Read the question carefully and answer to the point neatly and legibly.
• Do not leave any blank pages between two answers.
• Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space.
• Answer all the parts of a single question together.
• Start the answer to a question on a fresh page or leave adequate space between two answers.
• Draw table/diagrams/flowcharts wherever appropriate.
Write short notes on:
1. Embryology of vascular (aortic) arches.
Anomalies in development of double arch and patent ductus
arteriosus

2. Anatomical boundaries of the mediastinum
Various structures present in posterior mediastinum.
Enumerate various lesions of posterior mediastinum

3. Deleterious effect of cardio-pulmonary bypass
Prevention of complement activation
Prevention of systemic inflammatory response.

4. Discuss anti-arrythmic drugs under the following headings:
Classification
Digoxin
Amiodarone

5. Describe native valve endocarditis:
Organisms
Presentation (signs symptoms)
Management.

6. Enumerate coagulation factors.
Briefly describe the coagulation pathways.
Point out the exact step of action of heparin, warfarin
apixaban

7. Retrograde aortic perfusion via femoral artery: Indications,
advantages and disadvantages.

8. What is Virchow's triad?
Management of acute chronic complications of deep vein
thrombosis.
4+6
9. Enumerate various bronchopulmonary segments.
Lymphatic drainage of lungs
4+6
10. Swan Ganz cathether: its uses and complications.
Method of cardiac output calculations.
5+5