FINAL EXAM NATIONAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS
JUNE 2017

POSSESSION USE OF CELL PHONES OR ANY SUCH ELECTRONIC GADGETS IS NOT PERMITTED INSIDE THE
EXAMINATION HALL.
CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY
PAPER I
CTS
Time 3 hours
Max. Marks 100
Important instructions:
• Attempt all questions in order.
• Each question carries 10 marks.
• Read the question carefully and answer to the point neatly and legibly.
• Do not leave any blank pages between two answers.
• Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space.
• Answer all the parts of a single question together.
• Start the answer to a question on a fresh page or leave adequate space between two answers.
• Draw table/diagrams/flowcharts wherever appropriate.
Write short notes on:
1. Hypothermic circulatory arrest under following headings:
Indications.
pH and alpha stat strategies for blood gas management.
Retrograde cerebral perfusion.

2. Use of MRI in cardiac surgery under following headings:
Role in anatomical diagnosis.
Role in physiological diagnosis.
Compare MRI with CT scan in cardiac surgery.

3. Acute coronary syndrome under following headings:
Definition.
Role of biomarkers in management.
Role of various revascularization strategies.

4. Intra aortic balloon pump (IABP) under following headings:
Define counter pulsation.
Physiological effects of IABP.
Indications of IABP.
Contraindications of IABP.

5. Myocardial protection under following headings (Physiological basis
and advantages):
Antegrade warm blood cardioplegia.
Retrograde cardioplegia.
"Hot-shot".

6. Heparin inducted thrombocytopenia under following headings:
Definition.
Diagnosis.
Management.

P.T.O.
FINAL EXAM NATIONAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS
JUNE 2017

POSSESSION USE OF CELL PHONES OR ANY SUCH ELECTRONIC GADGETS IS NOT PERMITTED INSIDE THE
EXAMINATION HALL.
CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY
PAPER I
7. Atrial fibrillation under following headings:
Definition and diagnosis.
Pharmacological treatment.
Role of surgical Maze procedure in atrial fibrillation associated
with mitral valve disease.
Current alternative to surgical Maze procedure.

8. Chylothorax under following headings:
Anatomy of thoracic duct.
Causes of chylothorax.
Diagnosis.
Management outline.

9. Anatomy of tricuspid valve under following headings:
Leaflet and sub valvular apparatus.
Relationship with conduction tissue (AV node and bundle of
His).
DeVega's Annuloplasty: Procedure outcome.

10. Left superior vena cava under following headings:
Embryology.
Implications during cardio-pulmonary bypass.
Draw an adult circuit of venous line with size of tubes and
connectors.