1. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow

The task-based approach to language teaching has evolved in response to a better understanding of the way languages are learnt. Traditionally, language learning has been regarded as a process of mastering a succession of steps, each one building on the one before. Teachers present the target language in ready-to-assimilate pieces, starting with the easy parts and gradually moving towards the harder parts. Learners must master each part and incorporate it into their knowledge of the target language. The -PPP model of language teaching ('presentation, practice, performance') is based on the assumption that a language is best presented to learners as a syllabus of structures, and that through controlled practice a fluent and accurate performance of the 'structure of the day' can be achieved. Errors are evidence of poor learning, requiring more PPP treatment.

In contrast, the contemporary view of language learning, based upon research findings in both linguistics and psychology, is that learners do not acquire the target language in the order it is presented to them, no matter how carefully teachers and textbooks organize it. Language learning is a developmental, organic process that follows its own internal agenda. Errors are not necessarily the result of bad learning, but are part of the natural process of interlanguage forms gradually moving towards target forms.
Such a view of language learning has profound implications for language teaching, and has led to the development of various task-based approaches. These approaches are somewhat disparate, but they share a common idea: giving learners tasks to transact, rather than items to learn, provides an environment which best promotes the natural language learning process. By engaging in meaningful activities, such as problem-solving, discussions, or narratives, the learner's interlanguage system is stretched and encouraged to develop. Interactive tasks are sometimes considered' particularly beneficial, especially the information-gap tyPe, in which learners have to transfer information to a partner who does not have it, These tasks rely on a successful transfer of meaning in order to be completed, and are supposed to focus the learners' attention more closely on the comprehensibility of the language they and their . partners are using, thus increasing the likelihood that interlanguage forms will be pushed towards target language norms. The danger in a task-based approach to teaching is that learners might be encouraged to prioritize a focus on meaning over a focus on form, and thus be led to use fluent but unchallenging or inaccurate language. Because language does not have to be well-formed in order to be meaningful, it is easy to see how learners could successfully complete a task using ill-formed or undemanding language, supplemented by gesture and intonation, rather than trying out their 'cutting edge' interlanguage.
The challenge for a task-based pedagogy, therefore, is to choose, sequence, and implement tasks in ways that will combine a focus on meaning with a focus on form. One has to balance the development of fluency with accuracy and interlanguage restructuring. Willis has produced a detailed practical framework for the task-based classroom in which learners are led through cycles of task planning, performance, repetition, and, finally, comparison with native-speaker norms. Other experts have shown that giving learners time to plan before they begin a task significantly .increases the complexity, accuracy, and fluency of the language they use, and that these effects increase in relation to the cognitive difficulty of the task.


After reading the passage, complete the sentences given below:

The traditionally accepted view on language learning was that__

According to if students practice how to use structures, they can have a good control on language.

The present day view on how language is learnt is that__

The main focus of the task-based approaches is on

With the help of activities such as the learner's interlanguage system is stretched and encouraged to develop.

Interactive tasks in which students are· paired and focus is on language development and use are quite beneficial as learners are requited to

The drawback of task-based approaches is that

(viii) In order to achieve success in using the task-based approach it is necessary to

Giving students time to prepare for a

task is advantageous because it helps them to

Errors are a part of the natural process of learning as they

State whether the following statements are True or False:

The task-based approach is one of the oldest approaches to language learning.

According to the PPP theory, if students make errors it means they are not learning.

The student's language learning system develops when he/she participates in interactive tasks.

A task becomes more complex and its difficulty level increases if learners are given time to plan before they begin it.

The task-based approach should try to achieve both -meaning and form.

Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate words from thQse given below. There are more words than you can use. You IIlay change the form of the word, if required (e.g., assimilate -assimilation).

traditional, accurately, psychology, systeIll, priority, implement

There are many social and factors that affect children's learning and performance iIi school and must not be overlooked.

To be successful in completing a project satisfactorily, one must approach it

government policies on child labour requires grit and determination.

Language has to be used to convey meaning and be intelligible.

Schools and colleges have' decided to give top to the Prime Minister's Swachch Bharat Abhiyan.

2. Fill in the blanks with the adverbs chosen from the ones given below. You may use an adverb more than once.

speedily, slowly, reluctantly, .never, firmly, hastily, carefully, always, repeatedly, slowly

Ramu began his daily trip to the wholesale market by getting on to National Highway 75. He drove quite
for half an hour. Soon he realised that he was driving very whereas other vehicles were driving past him The speed limit was 60 kilometres an hour and they were driving at 10. He decided to speed up.
He overtook a car that was moving though he was in a overtaking' zone. In a few seconds, he saw a light flashing behind him, signalling him to stop. He knew it was the traffic police. He pulled up on the side quite He was upset with himself for being so careless for he was normally one who broke traffic rules. The policeman spoke to him very gently but and asked him for his driving license. Ramu started looking for it in his wallet. But, the license that was kept in the wallet wasn't there!

3. Use the correct degree of adjectives given in the brackets:

This is the class I've ever attended.

The (important) thing we should remember about life is that there will always be ups and downs.

The you wait for your result, the more nervous you get.

Eve teasing is a crime.

Rashmi is than her sister Rohini.

The bag I had to carry was (heavy) than the one Ashok was carrying.

The red dress is than the green one.

Ten thousand rupees is a amount to lose.

Sometimes old people can be (troublesome) than children when it comes to eating food.

The roses blooming in my garden are (pretty) than those in the rose garden.

4. Identify the main clause in the sentences given below. Write the main clause only in your answer book.

My roommate is a girl from Rajasthan who is studying to be a Chartered Accountant.

When I looked at my watch, I realised I was very late for the meeting.

I must return the book, which I borrowed from my teacher last week to her today.

I know that Roopali is a very good singer.

We sat down to rest as we were tired of walking.

5. Use linkers to join the phrases or sentences given

I love reading her poems. They are so reflective.

Why did you decide to leave your village Life is so peaceful there.

I am planning to visit Goa. Its beaches are heavenly.

You want to get good marks. You must work hard.

Are you good at Maths Are you good at English?

6. Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions. You way choose a preposition more than once. Choose from the box.

above, through, upon, at, before,in, on, for, after, within

The thieves succeeded escaping from the clutches of the police.

I waited a long time for the bus. When it did not Come I started walking home.

Dr. Tyagi checked his phone for any messages leaving the hospital.

As soon as the team arrived the venue it had to play its first match.

When the train was passing the tunnel it became pitch dark inside.

What happened in Anil's life he reached the age of fifteen is amazing.

The aircraft is now moving the snow clad Himalayas.

The little pup sat its mother's back.

I live the first floor of a mUltistoried housing complex.

The mountaineer was welcomed warmly when she returned home conquering Mt. Everest.

7. Rural Employment Schemes are in principle very good. However, many people living in rural areas complain that neither training nor the benefit of a job is available to most. Write arguments for and against the schedules. Suggest other schemes that could uplift people living in villages.

8. Imagine you are the Secretary of the college 'Swachch Bharat' Society. Recently the college held a cleanliness drive in the colonies around the college in which a large number of residents also participated. Write a report of the event for your college magazine mentioning how the drive benefitted everyone.