1. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow

The Reggio Approach to early childhood education derives its name from its place of origin, Reggio Emilia, a city located in Emilia Romagna in Northern Italy. Shortly after World War II, Loris Malaguzzi, a young teacher and the founder of this unique system, joined forces with the parents of this region to provide childcare for young children. Inspired by the need for women to return to the workforce, this education system' has developed over the last 50 years into a unique programme that has caught the attention of early childhood educators worldwide.

Looking at this complex system of education is fascinating and challenging. It invites us, as teachers, to see the possibilities of what can be, if we are willing to take risks and let go of our traditional roles. The Reggio Approach is a complex system that respects and puts into practice many of the fundamental aspects of the work of Dewey, Piaget, Vygotsky and many others. It is a system that lends itself to the role of collaboration among children, teachers and parents; the co-construction of knowledge; the interdependence of individual and social learning; and the role of culture in understanding this interdependence.

At the heart of this system is the powerful image of the child. Reggio educators do not see children as empty vessels that require filling with facts. Rather, they see children as full of potential -competent and capable of building their own theories.

Children have the right to be recognized as subjects of individual, legal, civil, and social rights; as both sources and constructors of their own experience, and thus active participants in the organisation of their identities, abilities, and autonomy, through relationships and interaction with their peers, with adults, with ideas, with objects, and with real and imaginary events of intercommunicating worlds. The system, while establishing the fundamental premise for creating ''better citizens of the world" and improving the quality of human interaction, also credits children, and each individual child, with an extraordinary wealth of inborn abilities and potential, strength and creativity. Irreversible suffering and impoverishment of the child is caused when this fact is not acknowledged.

Starting from this point of reference, the approach recognizes the right of children to realize and expand their potential, placing great value on their ability to socialize, receiving their affection and trust, and satisfying their· needs and desires to learn. And this is so much truer when children are reassured' by an effective alliance between the adults in their lives, adults who are always ready to help, who place higher value on the search for constructive strategies of thoughts and action than on the direct transmission of knowledge and skills. These constructive strategies contribute the formation of creative intelligence, free thought, and the individuality that is sensitive and. aware, through an ongoing process of differentiation and integration with other people and other experiences. The fact that rights of children are recognized as the rights of all children is the sign of a more accomplished humanity.

After reading the passage, complete the sentences given below:

The Reggio Approach to education has been named after

Educators from all parts of the world are
in this model of education.

The approach encourages teachers to


The Reggio Emilia Approach recognizes immense potential in children. According to the approach, three things about children that must be valued while educating them are that (write any three by filling in the blanks in item numbers iv to vi)







Reggio educators believe that instead
of filling children's braiIl$ with facts, teachers should

(viii) If educators use constructive strategies, their students will display instead of merely reproducing what is taught.

Children go through a lot of suffering and impoverishment when

The author of this article says that for society to be more accomplished it should recognize

State whether the following statements are True or False:

Loris Malaguzzi, a young teacher, was the founder of the Reggio system of education.

The approach was introduced during the Second World War.

Children can construct knowledge better in collaboration with parents and teachers rather than alone.

The Reggio Approach is totally different from the approaches followed by educators like Dewey, Piaget or Vygotsky.

Children learn better through direct teaching ofknowledge and skills.

Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate words from those given below. There are more words than you can use. You may change the form of the word if required but you cannot add words of your own (e.g., tradition -traditional).

inspire, construct, imaginative, social, sensitive, contribute

Many factors affect children's learning and performance in school.

To complete a project really well, one must approach it

I found the movie quite thought to provoking and children's issues.

Language teachers must children to learn by using innovative methods of teaching.

It is illegal to leave on roads and movement. material hamper traffic

2. Fill in the blanks with the adverbs chosen from the ones given below. You may use an adverb more than once.

carefully, regularly, gently, skilfully, never, greatly, primarily, repeatedly, with joy, with care

A teacher will unlock the door of learning to her children very carefully and She will enable them to learn The teacher must forget that it is she who is responsible for shaping her students' destiny. Inviting parents to partner with her,the teacher will focus on developing the habit of learning to learn. The teacher will also notice any learning handicaps, reporting them to parents She will develop special learning programme for such children. Working towards overcoming her students' deficiencies will go a long way in enabling learning. With first generation learners, the teacher will behave enabling them to develop confidence as learners. She must focus on children's strengths and handle mistakes

3. Use the correct degree of adjectives given below in the brackets

This is the I've ever eaten. (good) Chinese food

The (important) thing our teacher told us about plants is that they too have feelings.

I am planning to climb the (high) peak by tomorrow morning.

Grandmother found the (troublesome) than days and couldn't handle them. children on other

Cheating in examinations is a (serious) crime than asking for help.

Teena found the nurses at the hospital during her illness.

I was given the (heavy) bag of all to carry and soon got tired.

We found the spot (attractive) than the others and sat down for a picnic.

This box is than the other boxes. and heavier

The rose was given the first prize at the rose show.

4. Identify the main clause in the sentences given below. Write the main clause only in your answer book.

The students who are appearing for their entrance examination are from Patna.

When I realised I was very ·late for the meeting, I decided not to attend it.

The book which I borrowed from my friend has to be returned tomorrow.

I know that tomorrow. the colleges are closed

We sat down to rest as we were tired of walking.

5. Use linkers to join the phrases or sentences given below:

I enjoyed the stories. I asked my friends to read them too.

This summer I am planning to visit my grandparents. They live in Kashmir.

You want to succeed. You must work hard.

We arrived at the venue early in the morning. There was no one to receive us.

My friend is leaving for the us. She will study for her Master's degree there.

6. Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions. You may choose a preposition more than once. Choose from the box.

on, above, after, upon, at, before, in, onto, for, over, down, through

The children succeeded creating awareness about cleanliness.

I waited my mother to come home. I told her the whole story.

Shilpi checked all the locks of her house it.

As soon as we reached the station the train arrived the platform.

When the bus was passing the bridge, we saw green fields on either side.

The man jumped the moving train and boarded it.

When the aircraft was moving the clouds everything looked white as snow.

The monkey jumped up and the trees, plucking leaves and branches.

Life the moon is full of hardships.

She returned home living in a hostel for five years.

7. More than 65 years after independence, there are many villages in rural areas that do not have toilets and people have to go out in the open. Write the reasons for building toilets in rural areas with the help of government aid. (200 words).

8. Imagine you and your college mates went to a hill-station for a trip. During the trip you did many things like hiking, bird watching and river crossing. Write a report of the trip for your college magazine mentioning how the trip was beneficial for the students.