FINAL EXAM NATIONAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS
DECEMBER 2016
POSSESSION USE OF CELL PHONES OR ANY SUCH ELECTRONIC GADGETS IS NOT PERMITTED INSIDE THE
EXAMINATION HALL.
PHARMACOLOGY
PAPER I
PHARM/D/16/34/I
Time 3 hours
Max. Marks 100
Important instructions:
• Attempt all questions in order.
• Each question carries 10 marks.
• Read the question carefully and answer to the point neatly and legibly.
• Do not leave any blank pages between two answers.
• Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space.
• Answer all the parts of a single question together.
• Start the answer to a question on a fresh page or leave adequate space between two answers.
• Draw table/diagrams/flowcharts wherever appropriate.
Write short notes on:
1. Define bioavailability and its clinical relevance.
Compare and contrast between bioequivalence and
therapeutic equivalence.
5+5
2. What is High Throughput Screening in drug development?
Experimental screening methods for potential antiarrhythmic
activity of New Chemical Entity (NCE).
5+5
3. Compare and contrast between Therapeutic Index and
Therapeutic Window.
Factors influencing first pass metabolism of drugs and
therapeutic implication of this phenomenon.

4. Which are the sampling errors in drug screening
program?
What is the impact of sampling errors?
Enumerate the ways of reducing these errors.

5. Principle of spectrometry technique.
Its utility in clinical practice with suitable examples.
5+5
6. Define pA2 value.
Method of determination of pA2 value.
Applications of pA2 determination.

7. Targeted drug delivery.
Its utility in clinical practice.
5+5
8. Define chronopharmacology.
Aims of chronopharmacology.
Utility of chronopharmacology in clinical practice.

9. Define Good Clinical Practice in drug development.
What are the principles of GCP?
Enumerate advantages of GCP.

10. ABC transporters.
Clinical relevance of these transporters.
5+5