FINAL EXAM NATIONAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS
DECEMBER 2016
POSSESSION USE OF CELL PHONES OR ANY SUCH ELECTRONIC GADGETS IS NOT PERMITTED INSIDE THE
EXAMINATION HALL.
MICROBIOLOGY
PAPER I
MICRO/D/16/18/I
Time 3 hours
Max. Marks 100
Important instructions:
• Attempt all questions in order.
• Each question carries 10 marks.
• Read the question carefully and answer to the point neatly and legibly.
• Do not leave any blank pages between two answers.
• Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space.
• Answer all the parts of a single question together.
• Start the answer to a question on a fresh page or leave adequate space between two answers.
• Draw table/diagrams/flowcharts wherever appropriate.
Write short notes on:
1. Principle and applications of fluorescent microscopy.
5+5
2. Define disinfectants.
Basis of grading disinfectants with examples, and their mechanisms of
action.
2+8
3. Methicillin resistant Staphyloccous aureus
Mechanism of resistance
Phenotypic methods of detection
Genotypic methods of detection
Prevalence and clinical implications

4. What is polymerase chain reaction
Enumerate the differences between PCR and LAMP (loop mediated
isothermal amplification).
5+5
5. Genetic basis of antibody diversity in humans.
10
6. Biomedical/hospital waste:
Types
Segregation
Types of waste generated in Microbiology laboratory and its their
methods of disposal

7. Lysogenic or phage conversion:
Principle.
Give one example of medical importance.
Differentiate it from transduction.

8. Agglutination reaction:
Definition
Zone phenomenon
Applications

9. Epidemiological typing methods:
Types of methods
Give 3 examples of each with advantages and disadvantages.
2+8
10. What is quality assurance in microbiology laboratory?
Components of QA and its importance.