FINAL EXAM NATIONAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS
JUNE 2018

POSSESSION/USE OF CELL PHONES OR ANY SUCH ELECTRONIC GADGETS IS NOT PERMITTED INSIDE THE EXAMINATION HALL.
MICROBIOLOGY
PAPER-I
MIC/J/18/18/I
Time: 3 hours
Max. Marks:100
IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS
Attempt all questions in order.
Each question carries 10 marks.
Read the question carefully and answer to the point neatly and legibly.
Do not leave any blank pages between two answers.
Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space
Answer all the parts of a single question together.
Start the answer to a question on a fresh page or leave adequate space between two answers.
Draw table/diagrams/flowcharts wherever appropriate.
Write short notes on:
1. Discuss the general principles of Biomedical Waste
Management (BMW). Highlight the major changes in the BMW
2016 Rules.
10
2. Enumerate laboratory acquired infections. Classify biological
agents based on biohazard and discuss biosafety measures.

3. Different subsets of T cells and their role in immune regulation.
10
4. What are the special types of Microscopes? Discuss the
principle of Fluorescence Microscope. Enumerate its
applications.

5. What are monoclonal antibodies? Briefly discuss the hybridoma
technology and its diagnostic applications.

6. Describe mechanism of action of antibiotics in bacteria.
Enumerate antibiotics inhibiting cell wall synthesis. Discuss
various methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing in
microbiology laboratory.

7. Describe the structure of cell wall of bacteria. Enumerate the
differences between the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and
Gram-negative bacteria.
5+5
8. What are biofilms? Describe the different stages and its role in
persistence of infection.

9. What are disinfectants? How are disinfectants graded? Describe
the testing of disinfectants in a hospital setting

10. Gut microbiome. 10