FINAL EXAM NATIONAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS
DECEMBER 2016

POSSESSION USE OF CELL PHONES OR ANY SUCH ELECTRONIC GADGETS IS NOT PERMITTED INSIDE THE
EXAMINATION HALL.
CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY
PAPER III
CTH/D/16/04/III
Time 3 hours
Max. Marks 100
Important instructions:
• Attempt all questions in order.
• Each question carries 10 marks.
• Read the question carefully and answer to the point neatly and legibly.
• Do not leave any blank pages between two answers.
• Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space.
• Answer all the parts of a single question together.
• Start the answer to a question on a fresh page or leave adequate space between two answers.
• Draw table/diagrams/flowcharts wherever appropriate.
Write short notes on:
1. Right upper lobectomy with regards to:
Surgical anatomy.
Technique.
Complications

2. Tracheal repair:
Technique.
Management of airway.
Complications.
Late sequelae.

3. Management of Flail chest
Use of pectoralis major flap in chest wall reconstruction.
Mediastinitis following sternotomy.
Use of prosthetic mesh for chest wall reconstructions.
2.5x4
4. Aortic arch replacement:
Techniques.
Prevention of air embolism.
Spinal cord protection.
Endovascular options.

5. Aortic dissection:
Presentation.
Assessment.
Surgical techniques for type A dissection.
Complications of surgery.
Results.

6. Ventricular assist devices:
Total artificial heart.
HeartMate II.
Destination therapy.
Complications of LVADs.

7. Meta-analysis:
Definition.
Conduct.
Limitations.

8. Human errors in cardiac surgery:
Categories.
Causes.
Methods of reduction.

9. Active Vs passive follow up
Cross sectional analysis.
Bias.

10. Percutaneous aortic valve replacement Indications
and techniques.
Lung transplantation:
Requirements for potential donors and recipients;
ii) Prognosis
5+5