FINAL EXAM NATIONAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS
JUNE 2016

POSSESSION USE OF CELL PHONES OR ANY SUCH ELECTRONIC GADGETS IS NOT PERMITTED INSIDE THE
EXAMINATION HALL.
CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY
PAPER III
CTH/J/16/04/III
Time 3 hours
Max. Marks 100
Important instructions:
• Attempt all questions in order.
• Each question carries 10 marks.
• Read the question carefully and answer to the point neatly and legibly.
• Do not leave any blank pages between two answers.
• Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space.
• Answer all the parts of a single question together.
• Start the answer to a question on a fresh page or leave adequate space between two answers.
• Draw table/diagrams/flowcharts wherever appropriate.
Write short notes on:
1. Minimally invasive cardiac surgery:
Indications.
Arterial and venous access.
Aortic clamping techniques.
De-airing techniques.

2. Thoracic outlet syndrome:
Diagnosis.
Indications of surgery.
Various surgical approaches.

3. Chronic empyema thoracis:
Treatment options.
Decortications.
Management of residual space by various thoracoplasty.

4. Deep vein thrombosis:
Approach to diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Treatment

5. Endovascular techniques in aortic aneurysm management.
Elephant trunk technique.
Cerebral protection in aortic arch surgery.

6. Solitary pulmonary nodule:
Differential diagnosis.
Approach to diagnosis.
Management algorithm.

7. PARTNER II A trial.
STICH trial.
5+5
8. Oesophageal motility disorders diagnosis.
Oesophageal manometry.
Modified Heller's operation.

9. Propensity Score matching:
Levels of evidence.
Risk stratification.
3D Printing.

10. Embryological development of diaphragm.
Types of congenital diaphragmatic hernias.
Management of Bochdalek hernia.
Postoperative diaphragmatic palsy after open heart
surgery.