1. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:

Coal is a very important source of energy and is expected to continue to account for almost 27 percent of the world's energy needs. However, with growing international awareness of pressures on the environment, the way in which the resource is extracted, transported and used is critical. A wide range of pollution control machines and practices is in place at most modem mines, already. In addition, major research and development programmes are devoted to increasing efficiencies and reducing emissions of greenhouse gases during coal consumption. Such measures are helping coal to maintain its status as a major supplier of the world's energy needs.

The coal industry ha,s been targeted by its critics as a significant contributor to the greenhouse effect. However, the greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon involving the increase in global surface temperature due to the presence of greenhouse gases -water vapour, carbon dioxide, ozone, methane and nitrous oxide in the There is concern that this natural phenomenon is being altered by a greater build-up of gases from human activity, perhaps giving rise to additional warming and changes in the Earth's climate. This additional build-up and its forecast outcome have been called the enhanced greenhouse effect.

Greenhouse gases arise from a wide range of sources and their increasing concentration is largely related to the increased population, improved living standards and changes in lifestyle. From a current base of 5 billion, the United Nations predicts that the global population may stabilise in the 21at century, between 8 and 14 billion, with more than 90 percent of the projected increase taking place in the world's developing nations. The associated activities to support that growth, particularly to produce the required energy and food, will cause further increases in greenhouse gas emissions. The challenge, therefore, is to attain a balance between population, economic growth and the environment. Coal's total contribution to greenhouse gas emissions is thought to be about 18 percent, with about half of this coming from electricity generation. The worldwide coal industry is spending a lot on research and development of new technologies in order to improve efficiencies and to reduce emissions.

Clean coal is another avenue for improving fuel conversion efficiency. Investigations are underway to produce super-clean coal and ultra-clean coal in the future. Super-clean coal and ultra-clean coal will enable coal to be used in advanced power systems such as coal-fired gas turbines which, when operated in combination, have the potential to achieve much greater efficiencies.

Defendants of mining point out that, environmentally, coal mining has two important factors in its favour. One, it makes only temporary use of the land and two, produces no toxic.chemical wastes. By carefully pre-planning projects, impact on the community, environment and land can be minimised.

Dust levels are controlled by spraying water on roads and stockpiles and water pollution is controlled by recycling waste water and treating it. Noise is controlled by redesigning equipment and covering the machinery. Since mining activities represent only a temporary use of the land, extensive rehabilitation measures are adopted to restore the land to its original use. Where the mining is underground, the surface area can be simultaneously used for forests, cattle grazing and crop raising and for dams and reservoirs and city development. In all cases, mining is subject to stringent controls and implementation.

In open-cut operations, however, the land is used exclusively for mining, but in this case the development of the mine and land are done together. Topsoil, used to grow crops, is collected and used later to develop the land for agriculture. Thus, the mining industry all over the world has taken steps to control pollution, produce cleaner coal and to redevelop the land once mining is stopped.

Answer the following questions by choosing the correct answer, 1,2 or

Coal, as a supplier of energy, is

losing its importance

being overtaken by other energy resources

able to maintain its popularity


Environmentalists attack the coal industry for being responsible for

rising global temperatures

the ice melting in the Arctic regions

the presence of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

The advantage of using clean coal is that it is

cleaner and more energy efficient

clean and burns slowly

clean and cheaper

To control dust at mining sites, mining companies use

topsoil and sand from the sites

chemicals

waste water after washing the coal

A suitable title for this passage is

pollution control in coal mining

the greenhouse effect

the coal industry and the environment

State whether the following statements are True or False.

The writer feels that the coal industry should be closed down because of environmental concerns.

In the 21st century, the world population will probably exceed 8 billion.

A number of steps are being taken to modernise the coal industry.

Burning coal is largely responsible for the increase in greenhouse gases.

Air and noise pollution controlled by using technology. are being modern

Super-clean coal is being produced which will give out clean smoke.

Most of the land used for coal mining is brought back for normal purposes.

(viii) The money spent globally, for research and development in the coal industry, is very little.

After coal mining, the land becomes useless, especially for agriculture.

People working in mines suffer from a lot of noise pollution.

Use the words taken from the given below and fill in the blanks. passage emissions, extracted, monitoring, efficient, measures

Many are being taken up by our government, to make our cities safer.

Gold is from mines which are very deep in the earth.

After very high inflation levels, the Reserve Bank is the cash flow in the economy.

from vehicles and industries have to be controlled to check pollution levels.

Research is going on, in order to make our industries more users of energy.

2. Choose the correct spelling of the word given c or d.

Mandatary·

Mandatori

Mandatory

Mandetory

Adequate

Adekwate

Adikwate

adequete

Sincier

Sincere

Sinsere

Sinseer

Seperate

Seperete

Separate

Separete

Recomend

Recommend

Reccomend

Reccommend


3. Choose the correct word from those given in brackets and fill in the blanks.

In the evenings, most women 10 India watch on TV. (serials, cereals)

During the match, when India was losing, some spectators were in (tears, tiers)

In the zoo, the children could see only the of the tiger. (tail, tale)

Most children want to play own games at home. (there, their)

The family members are celebrating the of a baby girl. (berth, birth)

4. Fill in the blanks in the sentences below choosing the correct verb form, in the brackets:

Manish his hand yesterday, when he fell down the steps. (broken, broke)

The boy to the market yesterday to buy some books. (going, went)

Scientists a new machine that can run on water. (have designed, designing)

At the moment, the students are in Goa. They their holiday there. (will enjoy, are enjoying)

When the thief saw the police, he with the money. (fled, will flee)

5. Fill in the blanks with the correct word c or given below.

You may visit of the places that you like.

all

any

none

each

It is who solved the problem when all others failed.

he

him

their

them

Tanya needed brushes of different sizes to paint the room

along

with

by

for

Have you come by bus or foot.

on

by

in

with

Could you please wait I come?

while

until

since

as

I met my old friend the dentist's clinic.

at

in

beside

on

Oases are found the Thar and Sahara deserts.

in both

in addition to

as well as

also in

(viii) It is doubtful the country will be able to face economic problems in the future.

that

as

how

whether

After returning from his foreign tour, the Prime Minister the President.

called off

called by

called on

called out

Furniture is usually covered with sheets to the dust.

keep off

keep on

keep in

keep down

6. Transform the sentences given below as indicated under each sentence.

There are over 100 different shops in the new shopping mall.

The new shopping than 100 different shops.

A few hours of shopping is tiring for most people.

Most people after a few hours of
shopping.

If you want a refund, you have to show your receipt.

You cannot get a refund you show your receipt.

It is a long time since I bought a new pair of jeans.

I a new pair of jeans for a long time.

Esha is not going to buy the dress because it costs too much.

Esha thinks the dress is for her to buy.

My sister Asha has longer hair than me.

My hair is not Asha's.

My sister buys more clothes than I do.

I don't as my sister does.

(viii) Aunty says Manish is too young to choose his own clothes.

Aunty says Manish is not to choose his own clothes.

Mother asked me why I was wearing Ambika's clothes.

Mother asked me, "Why Ambika's clothes

My brother prefers computer games to clothes.

My brother likes clothes.

7. Fill in the blanks in the following passage, choosing the correct option, c or d.

Most people know that are many kinds of birds fly long distances every spring and autumn. This activity is known migration. Scientists know a lot about where the birds fly to and why they do it. there are still different opinions about exactly how the birds find their way back to the same place every year, this has been happening for centuries.

Answer words:

these

there

their

they

which

who

what

where

like

with

to

as

So

Because

Although

Since

manage

agree

can

succeed

8. Write a description in about 150 words of the school where you studied. You may write about your teachers, the school building, playground, your friends and the subjects that you studied.

9. Next to your house, a huge building is being built. The noise from the construction site is disturbing you. Write a letter to the President of the building society about the noise and what he should do to reduce it.

10. Write an essay of about 200 words on the following topic:

"Health problems that people in your country face and the different types of healthcare facilities available for treatment."