1. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow

It is estimated that the average man or woman needs between seven and a half and eight hours' sleep a night. Some can manage on a lot less. Healthy individuals sleeping less than five hours are rare, but represent a sizeable minority. The latest beliefs are that the main purposes of sleep are to enable the body to rest, allowing time for repairs to take place and for tissue to be regenerated. One supporting piece of evidence for this rest-and-repair theory is that the production of the growth hormone somatotropin, which helps tissue to regenerate, reaches the maximum while sleeping. Lack of sleep can affect the immune system, cause depression, promote· anxiety, encourage irritability and, most important, cause confusion.

Sleep is essential for our physical and emotional well-being and there are very few aspects of daily living that are not disrupted by the lack of sleep. This can also lead to people suffering from new infections. For many people, however, lack of sleep is a common problem. Some have problems getting to sleep, others with staying asleep until the morning. Despite popular belief that sleep is one long event, research shows that in an average night, there are five stages of sleep and four cycles, during which the sequence of stages is repeated. In the first light stage, the heart rate and blood pressure go down and the muscles relax. In the next two stages, sleep gets progressively deeper. In stage four, our sleep is at its deepest and this is when sleep-walking can occur. In the fifth stage, the eyes move rapidly, the heartbeat quickly gets back to normal levels, brain activity increases to daytime heights and the body is paralysed. This phase is also the time when we dream.

Sleeping patterns change with age, which is why many people over 60 develop insomnia. In America, that age-group consumes, almost half the sleep medication on the market. One theory for the age-related change is that it is due to hormonal changes. Age aside, it is estimated that roughly one in three people suffer some kind of sleep disturbance. Causes can be anything from pregnancy and stress to alcohol and heart disease. Smoking also is a known handicap to sleep.

Apart from self-help therapy, such as regular exercise, there are psychological treatments, including relaxation therapy training, aimed at getting rid of pre-sleep worries and anxieties. There is also sleep-reduction therapy, where the aim is to improve sleep quality by strictly regulating the time people go to bed and when they get up. Medication is regarded by many as a last resort and often takes the form of sleeping pills which act as minor tranquilizers. Doctors advocate the use of melatonin for treating sleep disorders. Melatonin is a naturally secreted hormone located in a gland deep inside the brain. The main function of the hormone is to control the body's biological clock, so we know when to sleep and when to wake. Melatonin pills contain a synthetic version of the hormone and are commonly used for sleep disturbances. The sales of the pills have increased dramatically in the recent years and the pills are sold in capsules, tablets, lozenges and mixed with herbs. This pill is the best substitute for sleeping tablets.

Answer the following questions by choosing the correct answer, 2 or 3

How many hours of sleep does a normal human being need every night?

About eight hours

Less than five hours

Just two hours

Why does a body need sleep?

To produce new cells.

To allow the mind to think properly.

To rest and allow the body to repair itself.

Less sleep can cause infections because

viruses can enter the body during sleep.

the immune system is weakened.

the immune system cannot fight infections during sleep.

Many people believe that

sleep is a long, single event.

sleep occurs in stages and cycles.

there will be an increase in the heart rate for good sleep.

We start dreaming

as soon as we go to sleep.

in the middle part of our sleep.

in the last stage of our sleep.

State whether the following statements are True or False:

The way we sleep does not depend on our age.

Some people walk in their sleep.

It is essential for all human beings to sleep for 7 hours every night.

People who do not sleep well are generally less happy and are slow in thinking.

Good sleep goes through five cycles and four stages.

If the body's immune system is strong, it can fight infections more effectively.

Smokers fall asleep faster than non-smokers.

(viii) Medicines are prescribed to people with sleep problems only when all other methods fail.

The hormone used in Melatonin tablets is taken from a natural source.

The passage seems to suggest that a good night's sleep is important for a healthy and happy life.

Use the words taken from the passage given below and fill in the blanks

paralysed, regulating, essential, therapy, depression

Many patients who suffer from high blood pressure, undergo with the help of music.

The government is the supply of gas cylinders throughout the country.

Traffic was throughout the city because of the rains.

Blood circulation is for the supply of oxygen to all parts of the body.

Ravi is suffering from because he has failed in the exams.

2. Choose the correct spelling of the words given, c or d.

accomodation

accommodation

acomodation

acommodation

amendment

ammendment

amendement

ammendement

receeve

recieve

riceive

receive

restaurent

restaurant

restorent

restaurrent

proffesor

profesor

professor

professer

3. Choose the correct word from those given In brackets and fill in the blanks.

It that the Principal IS on leave. (seams, seems)

The in this city is becoming more and more unpredictable. (whether, weather)

The mechanic wants to the car to his garage. toe)

The children want to go to the to see a film. (maul, mall)

The patient gave out a because he was in pain. (groan, grown)


4. Fill in the blanks in the sentences given below, choosing the correct verb form from the brackets

Three boys have been to represent our school in the debate competition. (choose, chosen)

The Prime Minister assured the victims of the floods that they to safe places. (will be shifted, will shift)

I want a cheque in the bank. (deposited, to deposit)

Our school team the Public School team by 5 wickets. (defeated, will have defeated)

I to Mumbai next week. will be flying)

5. Fill in the blanks with the correct option, or given below:

The management did not hold any promise of a salary hike.

back

on

out

off

Rats are generally afraid cats.

of

with

by

from

The judge let him with a final warning.

out

off

of

down

The Chief Minister was clever enough to hit at his critics.

out

back

upon

against

The judge was asked to preside a function.

in

over

with

for

They rejoiced the success of their son.

on

at

for

with

I have no respect a man who always wastes his time.

to

In

for

from

(viii) The audience shouted him as his speech was very boring.

out

at

down

off

The soldiers scared the terrorists surrendering their weapons.

up

into

off

back

I can't with her arrogant behaviour any longer.

put up

put on

put by

put off


6. Transform the sentences given below as indicated under each sentence

What is that famous French city called

What's that famous French city?

Whose camera is this

Who does

You can't smoke on the trains.

you are

The fashion designer.invited many people to his show.

The fashion designer sent many people for his show.

The designer explained why he chose some colours for his clothes.

The designer for choosing some colours for his clothes.

Mother asked me why I was wearing my sister's clothes.

Mother asked, "Why your sister's clothes

You can't compare old movies and new movies.

There is no old movies and new movies.

(viii) Alka asked Anita why she wanted to borrow her books.

Alka asked Anita, "Why

The thief stole many things from the house.

Many things

Many people heard the -Director arguing with the actors.

Many people heard the the Director and the actors.

7. Fill in the blanks in the following passage, choosing the correct option, c or d

Bird migration across the world has been taking place for many centuries. Birds travel between the areas where they can on the best food supply in winter and the places where young are born. The number of birds making these journeys every year is big that their routes are called 'fly ways' and the distances travelled be amazing. There is one bird, only 350 mm length, which in its lifetime probably travels almost a million kilometres.

decide

depend

manage

get

their

there

they

them

too

so

such

very

can

showed

ought

could

over

at

by

in

8. Write a description in 150 words of a movie/film that you may have seen recently. Write about the theme, story, actors/actresses, songs and the title of the movie.

9. The railway station in your town/city is too crowded and noisy. The buildings have become old and the entire station needs renovation.

Write a letter to the railway authorities describing the present station building and asking them to modernise it, and add more facilities for the passengers.

10. Write an essay of about 200 words on the following topic:

"Shopping in the modern world has become a form of entertainment."
What are your views on this topic? Explain them with relevant examples.