Define Reynolds number and Froude number. How do these numbers help in the classification of flow through pipes/open channels?
Differentiate between the following: Hydraulic gradient and Energy head

(ii) Gradually varied flow and Rapidly varied flow

2.(a) Draw the isovels for the following channel sections:
Triangular channel
Narrow rectangular channel

(iii) Natural irregular channel
Determine the normal discharge through a trapezoidal channel for the following data:

Normal depth of flow 2 m

Bottom width of channel section 3 m

side slope 1·5: 1

Longitudinal slope 0·0016

n 0·013

3.(a) Draw a typical specific energy curve for open channel flow and explain its salient features.
A 2·5 m wide rectangular channel has a specific energy of 1·5 m when carrying a discharge of 6·5 m^3/s. Determine the alternate depths and corresponding Froude numbers.

4.(a) Prove that,in a horizontal rectangular channel, energy loss in a hydraulic jump is

EL (y2 /4y1y2.
A hydraulic jump occurs in a rectangular channel of 3·0 m width having a discharge of 7·8 m^3/s. The depth of flow before the jump is 0·28 m. Determine the sequent depth, and the energy loss in the jump.

5.(a) Discuss the assumptions made in the theory of gradually varied flow.
A rectangular channel 4·0 m wide having a bed slope of 9 x carries water at a depth of 1·3 m. If the channel terminates in an abrupt drop in the bed, what type of flow profile, upstream of drop, is expected to
form? Assume n 0·016.

6. In a rectangular channel, two reaches M and N are in series, with reach M being upstream of reach N. These channel reaches have the following characteristics <img src='./qimages/9467-6.jpg'>

The discharge in the channel is 15·0 m^3/s. Identify and sketch the resulting gradually varied flow profile due to change in channel characteristics as shown in the table above.

7.(a) Describe in brief, the Bakhmeteff method of computation of water surface profile.
Discuss the graphical integration method of computation of water surface profile.