1. Fill the gap Sea water contains ........................... of oxygen contained in fresh water stream:­

60%

70%

75%

80%

2. Separation of base flow from/total run off can be done by

Straight line method

Two line method

Curve extention method

All of the above

3. Evapotranspiration in a crop field surrounded by dry fallow land will be higher than that surrounded by vegetation due

Conduction of heat

Oasis effect

Clothes line effect

Convection effect

4. The conjunctive use of water in a basin means:­

Combined use of water for irrigation and hydropower generation

Use of water by farmers cooperatives

Use of water for irrigating both Rabi and Kharif crops

Combined use of surface and ground water resources

5. The closing error in a closed traverse is adjusted

Lehmann's rule

Slide rule

Bowditch's rule

Simpson's rule

6. Which one of the crop given below in not a Kharif crop?

Rice

Maize

Wheat

Peanut

7. Self cleansing velocity

Velocity at dry weather flow

Velocity of water at flushing

Velocity at which no accumulation remains in the drain

Velocity of water in a pressure filter

8. Which of the following is a secondary pollutant:­

CO2

CO

O3

SO2

9. A modern land fill is required to

Have a leachate collection system

Have a water proof clay or plastic liner at bottom

Surrounded by ground water monitoring well

All of the above

10. Seepage endangers the stability of earth dam built on pervious soil foundation because of piping, which depends upon:­

Valve of exit gradient

Height of dam

Quantity of seepage flow

Total storage capacity of resources

11. A river training work is generally required when the river

Aggrading type

Degrading type

Meandering type

Both and

12. Syphon installed over an overflow spillway, will:­

Decrease its effectiveness

Increase its effectiveness

Not affect the effectiveness

All of the above

13. Activated carbon is used for:­

Disinfection

Removing hardness

Removing odour

Removing corrosiveness

14. Alkalinity in water is expressed as mg/l in terms

Calcium carbonate

Magnesium carbonate

Sodium carbonate

Sodium bi-carbonate

15. Acid rains are caused by the following pollutants:­

SO and O

SO and NO 2 3 2x

NO x and O3

CO and SO2

16. The treatment of water with bleaching powder is known

Prechlorination

Superchlorination

Dechlorination

Hypochlorination

17. Waste stabilization ponds can

Aerobic

Anaerobic

Facultative

Any one of the above

18. The self-cleansing velocity for all sewer in India is usually­

1.0 to 1.2 m/sec

1.5 to 2.0 m/sec

3.0 to 3.5 m/sec

None of the above

19. Which of the following pollutants is responsible for depletion of ozone layer?

Unburnt hydrocarbons

UV rays

Chloroflurocarbons

Oxides of nitrogen

20. Electrostatic precipitator is a device to control:­

SO2 emissions

Particulate emission

Both and

Precipitation of Al(OH)3 in water coagulation

21. Which of the following sewage treatment method has inherent problem of odour, ponding and fly nuissance?

UASB system

Activated sludge process

Trickling filter

Stabilization ponds

22. Evapotranspiration is confined

Day light hours only

Night time only

Fallow land surfaces only

None of the above

23. Which of the following is most appropriate about gravity dam?

Initial cost of construction is low

Does not require a strong and sound foundation

Does not fail suddenly

None of the above

24. The purpose of providing ventilation in sewer is to avoid:­

Asphyxiation of sewer maintenance employees

Odourous gases

Explosive mixture of sewer gases

All of the above

25. Which one of the following methods is generally used for design of water distribution system?

Manning's equation

Darcy Weisbach relation

Hardy cross method

None of the above

26. Which of the following solid waste disposal method is ecologically acceptable:­

Incineration

Composting

Sanitary land fill

All of the above

27. Which statement is not correct with reference to sewerage system of India?

Self cleansing velocity is 1.0 to 1.2m/s

Circular system is most suitable for separate sewerage system

Velocity of flow depends on the length of the sewer

None of the above

28. Which of the following type of valve allows water to flow in one direction but prevents in reverse direction?

Sluice valve

Air refief valve

Reflux valve

None of the above

29. Which statement is correct with reference to "Grid Iron" water distribution system?

Suitable for well planned towns cities

Requires less number of sluice valves

Cost of construction is low

All of the above

30. Which of the following pipes is commonly used to resist corrosion form H2S?

Asbestos cement pipe

Glazed wire pipe

R.C.C. pipe

None of the above

31. The process of adding water to lime to convert it into hydrated lime in known

Calcination

Slaking

Hydration

Quenching

32. The radial splits which are wider on the outside of the log and narrower towards the pith are known

Heart shakes

Cup shakes

Star shakes

Rindgalls

33. Smith's test is performed to determine

Durability

Crushing strength

Wear

Soluble minerals

34. Excess of silica in brick earth results in

Cracking and warping of bricks

Loss of cohesion

Enhancing the impermeability

None of the above

35. As compared to ordinary Portland Cement, high alumina cement has:­

Higher initial setting time but lower final setting time.

Lower initial setting time but higher final setting time.

Higher initial and final setting time.

Lower initial and final setting time.

36. The optimistic, most likely and pessimistic estimates of time for an activity are 4 days, 11 days, and 12 days respectively. The expected completion time of this activity is

8 days

9 days

10 days

11 days

37. In ordinary residential and public buildings, the D.P.C. is generally provided

Plinth level

Ground level

Water table level

Midway between ground level and water table level.

38. The type of roof suitable in plains where rainfall is meagre and temperature is high:­

Pitched and sloping roof

Flat roof

Shell roof

None of the above

39. Which of the following has more fire resisting characteristics?

Marble

Lime stone

Compact sandstone

Granite

40. The size of the aggregate accepted as suitable for R.C.C. construction work is about:­

5mm to 20mm

3mm to 5mm

1.0mm to 3mm

0.5mm to 1.0mm

41. Shrinkage in cement concrete may be reduced by

Proper curing

Adding minimum water

Adding more aggregate

Adding mild steel bar

42. The type of pointing in which V-shaped projection outside the wall surface is provided, is called

Recessed pointing

Weather pointing

V-pointing

Tuck pointing

43. Before testing setting time of cement, one should test for

Soundness

Strength

Fineness

Consistency

44. The critical activity has:­

Maximum float

Minimum float

Zero float

None of the above

45. The technique for establishing and maintaining priorities among various jobs of a project is known as

Event flow scheduling

Critical flow scheduling

Slotting technique for scheduling

Short interval scheduling

46. Crushing strength of a first class brick should not be less than:­

3.5 N/mm2

7.0 N/mm2

10.5 N/mm2

8.5 N/mm2

47. Paints with white lead base are suitable for painting

Wood work

Iron work

Both wood and iron work

None of the above

48. For pointing the masonry is raked out to a depth of about:­

15 to 20 mm

3 to 5 mm

5 to 10 mm

20 to 40 mm

49. The plywood has:­

Good strength along the panel only

Greater impact resistance

Tendency to split in the plane of panel

Tendency to bend easily

50. In air-conditioned buildings, a door has to serve both purposes of opening and closing and most suitable type of door

Swinging door

Sliding door

Rolling shutter door

Revolving door

51. Consider the following statements :-Among the more common varieties of timber namely sal, mango and deodar,

1. Sal is strongest, 2. Mango is least durable, 3. Deodar is lightest. Of the statements:­

1 2 are correct

1 3 are correct

2 3 are correct

2 and 3 are correct

52. The expected out turn for earthwork in excavation in ordinary soil per labourer per day

1 m3

2 m3

3 m3

4 m3

53. Complete dislocation of plastered surface, resulting in formation of a patch is known

Peeling

Cracking

Popping

Crazing

54. In order to check dampness, a narrow hollow space constructed parallel to the external walls, is known

Cavity wall

Parapet wall

Air drain

Water drain

55. The ingredient of brick earth enabling the brick to retain their shape

Alumina

Silica

Iron

Magnesia

56. As per IRC: 37-2001, the minimum thickness of granular base course to be provided on a National or State Highway is

150 mm

200 mm

250 mm

300 mm

57. The design value of stopping sight distance for a two-lane, two-way traffic would

Half the stopping sight distance

Equal to stopping sight distance

Twice the stopping sight distance

Three times the stopping sight distance

58. A marshalling yard in the railway system provides facilities:­

for safe movement of passengers and coaches.

for receiving, loading, unloading and delivery of goods and movement of goods vehicles.

to receive, break up, reform and dispatch trains onwards.

for maintenance of rolling stock.

59. The device that is used to transfer the wagons, passenger coaches or locomotives (one at a time) from parallel tracks, without any shunting is called:­

Turn table

Traverser

Triangles

Weight-bridges

60. The ruling design speed for National Highways in mountainous terrain

70 Km/hr

60 Km/hr

50 Km/hr

40 Km/hr

61. Highway geometrics are designed for:­

50th percentile speed

85th percentile speed

95th percentile speed

98th percentile speed

62. The various measures to decrease the accident rates may be divided into three groups, generally termed as

Education, Enlightenment and Engineering

Enforcement, Eligibility and Education

Engineering, Enforcement and Education

None of the above

63. Grade compensation on a horizontal curve on a highway is not necessary when:­

Gradient is flatter than 4 percent

Gradient is steeper than 4 percent

Gradient is flatter than 6 percent

Gradient is steeper than 6 percent

64. The tie bars in a concrete pavement are provided

Contraction joints

Expansion joints

Longitudinal joints

Construction joints

65. Wear of rails may be reduced

Increasing the number of rail joints

Decreasing the number of rail joints

Using high carbon steel rail

Increasing the spacing of sleepers

66. To provide a cant in rails, wooden sleepers are cut to a shape at rail seat which is called:­

Coning

Boxing

Adzing

None of the above

67. The highway traffic movement means:­

Diverging

Crossing

Merging

All of the above

68. What are the number of potential conflict points of two roads having two lanes and two way traffic

(a) 11



24

32

69. Maximum degree of curvature for B.G. track

20°

10°

16°

15°

70. This is generally used for pre-mixing tar macadam in base course:­

RT-1

RT-2

RT-3

RT-4

71. Fish bolts are made

Cast-iron

High carbon steel

Low carbon steel

Stainless steel

72. Equilibrium cant for B.G. (with usual notations)

1.315 v 2/R

0.80 2/R

0.60 2/R

0.70 2/R

73. Which one the following type of transition curve is mostly used on Indian Railways:­

Euler's spiral

Laminiscate

Cubic spiral

Cubic parabola

74. Geodetic survey of India was done, using:­

Triangulation

Traversing

Trilateration

None of the above

75. A satellite station is required when a main station:­

Cannot be sighted

Cannot be occupied

Can be occupied but not sighted

Both and

76. Principle of plane tabling

Parallelism

Triangulation

Traversing

Centering

77. In plane table survey, the operation which must be carried out

Resection

Orientation

Intersection

Radiation

78. Reverse curves are provided on the routes when the two straight lines are:­

Perpendicular to each other

Meeting at an obtuse angle

Parallel or meeting at a very small acute angle

None of the above

79. For a circular curve of radius the radial offset at a distance x from the point of curvature, measured along the tangent, is given



(b)route R2 x2 R

R-route R2 x2

x2/2R

80. In a bituminous pavement, alligator cracking is mainly due

Inadequate wearing coat

Inadequate thickness of sub-base course of pavement

Use of excessive bituminous material

Fatigue arising from repeated stress applications.

81. When speed of traffic flow becomes zero, then:­

traffic density and traffic volume both attain maximum value

traffic density attains maximum value but traffic volume becomes zero

traffic density and traffic volume both become zero

traffic density becomes zero but traffic volume attains maximum value

82. On Indian Railways, cant deficiency allowed on B.G. track

5.6 cm

6.6 cm

7.6 cm

8.7 cm

83. Disc signals are provided for the purpose

Shunting

Dead-slow movement

Indicating busy platform

A possible danger ahead

84. A triangle is used for

Diverting trains from mainline to branchline

Crossing over between parallel track

Changing the direction of engine

All of the above

85. Design of horizontal and vertical alignment, super elevation, sight distance and grades are affected

Width of vehicle

Length of the vehicle

Height of the vehicle

Speed of the vehicle

86. Reinforcement in cement concrete slab of road pavement is placed:­

Transversely

Longitudinally

Diagonally

In the form of welded wire mesh

87. In CBR test, the value of CBR is calculated

2.5 mm penetration only

5.0 mm penetration only

2.5 mm and 5.0 mm penetration both

7.5 mm penetration only

88. 52 Kg rails are mostly used in

Broad gauge

Metre gauge

Narrow gauge

Both and

89. The minimum depth of ballast prescribed for B.G. trunk lines on Indian Railways

28 cm

10 cm

25 cm

14 cm

90. Sleeper density in India is normally kept

M+4 to M+7

M to M+2

M+8 to M+10

M (Where M rail length in

91. The quick and most accurate method to solve three point problem is resection type of plane tabling

Mechanical method

Bessel's graphical method

Lehmann's trial and error method

Tracing paper method

92. An internal focussing type of telescope is focussed by the movement

Convex lens

Concave lens

Plano-convex lens

Objective glass

93. Spire test in used is permanent adjustment of theodolite for:­

adjusting the plate levels

adjusting the line of sight

adjusting the vertical axis

adjustment of horizontal axis

94. The total angle of deflection of a transition curve is equal

Spiral angle

Spiral angle/2

Spiral angle/3

Spiral angle/4

95. The of a plane table with three known points is good if the instrument station lies:­

in the great triangle

outside the great triangle

outside the great triangle but within the great circle

on the circumference of the circumscribing circle

96. The sensitiveness of a bubble tube in a level would decrease

length of the vapour bubble is increased

the radius of curvature of the internal surface of the tube is increased

the diameter of the tube is increased

the viscosity of the liquid is increased

97. Given that d denotes declination, the latitude of the place of observation and the altitude of a star at prime vertical, then:­

Sin Sin Cos

Sin Sin Cosec

Cos Cos Sin

Sin Sin Cos

98. Average illumination on important roads as per I.S. recommendation

70 lux

200 lux

30 lux

130 lux

99. Concrete pavement is provided if daily traffic per lane exceeds:­

750 tonnes

2000 tonnes

1250 tonnes

1300 tonnes

100. The distance to the visible horizon from a height of 36 m above mean sea level is given

km

36 route 0.6735 km

route 36 0.06735 km

36 route 0.06735 km

101. The equation of cubic spiral (with usual notations) is given

xy 3 6 RL

Y=L3 6 RL

pie=l2 2RL

None of the above

102. In a vertical curve, the tangent correction in terms of the distance x from the point of tangency is given

Cx

Cx2

Cx3

Cx4

103. Muskingum method of flood routing gives Q2=C0I2+ C1I1+ C2Q1.

The coefficients in this equation will have values such that

C0+C1=C2

C0-C1-C2

C0+C1+C2

C0+C1+C2

104. Wheat requires about 7.5cm of water after every 28 days and the base period for wheat is 140 days. What will be the value of . for wheat?

37.5 cm

30.75 cm

75.0 cm

17.5 cm

105. Theory of least squares is used

The normal equation method

The method of correlates

The method of differences

All of the above

106. An ideal vertical curve to join two gradients

Circular

Parabolic

Elliptical

Hyperbolic

107. Which of the following is the most fire resistant paint?

Enamel paint

Plastic paint

Asbestos paint

Cement paint

108. Strength of cement concrete mainly depends upon

Quality of water

Quantity of aggregate

Quantity of cement

Water-cement ratio

109. Which of the following methods are employed for setting out a circular curve?

1. Weisbach method

2. Two theodolite method

3. Tacheometric method

4. Rankine's method of tangential angles

1 and 2 only

3 and 4 only

3 and 4 only

1 and 4 only

110. A satellite station in triangulation

a ground station which sends signals to satellite.

a ground station which receives signals from satellite.

an eccentric station located at a large distance from the main station.

a false station near the main station.

111. If the weight of an angle A is then the weight of the angle 2A will

(a) 12



3/2

2/3

112. Which of the following surveys is employed for collecting data related to transfer of land property from one owner to another?

Geodetic survey

Property survey

City survey

Cadastral survey

113. The type of surveying in which the curvature of the earth is taken into account is called:­

Geodetic surveying

Plane surveying

Preliminary surveying

Topographical surveying

114. In plane table survey, the error due to centering should not exceed the scale divided by..........

25

40

50

80

115. The radius for a 30 m long arc with 1° curve

573 m

1146 m

1719 m

None of the above

116. The most suitable method for laying a curve

Tachometer method

Two theodolite method

Deflection distance method

Offsets form the tangent method


117. As per I.R.C. the super elevation to be provided in horizontal curves of radius R is given

V2 127R

V2 17.5R

V2 225R

127R
Where V is the speed in Km/h


118. The height of mandatory traffic sign discs above the ground level should
2.5 m

2.8 m

3.5 m

3.8 m
119. Westergaard's method is used for the design

Flexible pavements

Rigid pavements

Both and above

None of the above

120. Which method gives accurate estimate of average rainfall in a hilly area catchment?

Isohyetal method

Normal ratio method

Arithmetic mean method

Theissen polygon method

121. Unit hydrograph method is generally used for transformation

Excess rainfall into direct run off

Excess rainfall into total run off

Total rainfall into direct run off

Total rainfall into total run off

122. The shape of the recession limb of a hydrograph depends upon:­

Basin characteristics only

Storm characteristics only

Both and

None of the above

123. Infiltration rate is always:­

more than the infiltration capacity

less than the infiltration capacity

equal to or less than the infiltration capacity

equal to or more than the infiltration capacity

124. Which of the following types of rain gauges is used for measuring rain in remote hilly inaccessible areas?

Weighing bucket type

Tipping bucket type

Float type

Simon's rain gauge

125. The yield of well depends upon:­

Area of aquifer opening into the well

Actual flow velocity

Permeability of soil

All of the above

126. For a well, founded in a confined aquifer, if the draw-down is doubled, the discharge will become:­

0.5 Q

1.5 Q

2.0 Q

3.0 Q

127. Lining of irrigation channels:­

May stop leakage of water

Creates water-logging in near-by areas

Both and

None of the above

128. In a gravity dam, the factor of safety required against over turning of dam should be at least:­

1.0

1.5

2.0

4.0

129. For the design of hydraulic structures on permeable foundation, the depth of downstream sheet pile is determined on the basis

Safe exit gradient

Scour depth

Both safe exit gradient and scour depth

Energy dissipation

130. The ratio of base width to height of an elementary profile of a gravity dam from tension' consideration is given



mew

1

route(G2-K2)

Where G specific gravity of dam material

K uplift pressure intensity
µ coefficient of friction

131. Provision of a filter and rocktoe in an earthen dam is done

Prevent the piping action in the dam section.

Collect and drainout the seepage water out of dam.

Reduce the quantity of seepage.

Both and

132. At the foot of a spillway, the jump rating curve is below the tail water curve at low flows and above it at high flows. The suitable type of energy dissipater for this situation

A sky-jump bucket

A horizontal apron

A sloping apron

A stilling pool

133. An area is known as water logged when:­

Area is full of non salinity

Water evaporation stops

Drainage by gravity stops

None of the above

134. The pipes meant to carry flow from baths, wash basins and sinks to the drain are called:­

Ventilation pipes

Waste water pipes

Anti siphonage pipes

Soil pipes

135. What is the detention time for the domestic septic tank?

2 hours

12 hours

24 hours

28 hours

136. The trap used for a water closet is called:­

P-trap

Gulley trap

Intercepting trap

Anti-siphon trap

137. If turbidity removal is the only objective of a water treatment plant, it should have following units in a sequence:­

Aeration, coagulation, flocculation and chlorination

Rapid sand filter and chlorination

Zeolite treatment and chlorination

Rapid mixing, flocculator, setting tank and filter.

138. The unit in which both sedimentation and digestion processes of sludge take place simultaneously is called:­

Detritus tank

Skimming tank

Digestion tank

Imhoff tank

139. Turbidity in water is due to

Fungi

Algae

Colloidal particles

Organic salts

140. Manhole covers are generally made circular:­

for architectural reasons

to strengthen the cover

to prevent falling of cover into the manhole

to make the entry convenient

141. The minimum and maximum diameter of sewers, generally adopted in design, may

15 cm and 100 cm

15 cm and 300 cm

25 cm and 450 cm

60 cm and 300 cm

142. The gas generally found in sewers is

Methane

Carbon-di-oxide

Hydrogen sulphide

All of the above

143. The ventilation of public halls, by means of air-coolers and exhaust fans, is known

The extraction plenum system

The vacuum system

The A.C. system

None of the above

144. The cross section of sewer which is suitable for both combined and separate system

Circular sewer

Egg-shaped sewer

Horse-shoe type sewer

Semi-elliptical sewer

145. From the following sewage treatment options, the largest land for a given discharge will be needed for:­

Trickling filter

Anaerobic pond

Oxidation ditch

Oxidation pond

146. The most common coagulant used for treating water

Aluminium sulphate

Aluminium chloride

Both and

None of the above

147. The length, width and depth of a rectangular settling tank are 25m, 6m, and 4m respectively. If 2 hour detention period for tank is recommended, then the rate of flow of sewage per hour

600 m3

400 m3

300 m3

None of the above

148. According to Lacey's regime theory, what will be the regime scour depth for a channel in soil having silt factor of unity and carrying a discharge of 96m3/s The base width of the channel is 12

2.7 m

10.8 m

8.0 m

5.4 m

149. The spacing of tile drains to relieve water-logged land is directly proportional to the:­

depth of drain below the water level

coefficient of permeability of the soil to be drained

depth of drain below the ground surface

depth of impervious strata from the drain

150. The outlet discharge factor is the duty at the head of

Main canal

Branch canal

Water course

Distributory

151. Garret's diagrams are based

Kennedy's theory

Lacey's theory

Khosla's theory

Bligh's theory

152. The effect of increasing diameter of sewer on the self cleansing velocity

To decrease it

To increase it

Fluctuating

No effect

153. Which of the following retards the self purification of stream?

Higher temperature

Sunlight

Satisfying oxygen demand

None of these

154. The characteristics of fresh and septic sewage respectively are:­

Acidic and alkaline

Alkaline and acidic

Both acidic

Both alkaline

155. The most commonly used sewer under culverts

Circular brick sewer

Circular cast iron sewer

Semi-elliptical sewer

Horse-shoe type sewer

156. Under Indian conditions, the average per capita contribution of B.O.D.

10-20 gm/day

20-35 gm/day

35-50 gm/day

50-70 gm/day

157. Non-disposal of solid waste may cause the spread of

Malaria

Rodent related plague

Typhoid

Dysentery

158. In the oxidation ditch, the excess sludge is taken

Anaerobic digester

Aerobic digester

Drying beds

Incinerator

159. Drop manholes at the junction of sewer line are provided

invert level of a branch sewer is 60 cm more than that of the branch sewer.

sewer line runs along a main road

ordinary manhole cannot be built

two sewer lines intersect

160. Basin flooding is used for

Rice crop

Potato crop

Sugarcane crop

Orchards

161. The maximum spacing between two distributing channels should not exceed:­

2 km

3 km

4 km

5 km

162. In a rolled filled earth dam, the horizontal coefficient of permeability Kh and vertical coefficient of permeability satisfy the following relation:­

Kh kV

Kh kV

Kh kV

Kh=·Kh KU=1

163. Uplift pressure at the base is minimum in case

Earthen dam

Gravity dam

Arch dam

Buttress dam

164. The amount of residual chlorine left in public water supply for safety against pathogenic bacteria is about:­

0.01 to 0.05 ppm

0.05 to 0.50 ppm

0.50 to 1.00 ppm

1.00 to 5.00 ppm

165. The quantity of chlorine added in super-chlorination

Equal to break point

Beyond break point

Less than break point

100 ppm

166. An eco-system may not undergo changes because:­

It is in a state of homeostasis

It has plants and animals

It gets solar energy continuously

both The decomposers are present in it

167. Energy flow in eco-system is always:­

Cyclic

Unidirectional

Reversible

Multi-directional

168. Thinning of ozone layer in stratosphere will cause:­

Blindness

Sunburn

Inactivation of RNA and DNA

All of the above

169. Cyclone separator is used to separate:­

Sand particles from water

Fatty acids from sludge

Suspended material from sewage

Particulates from the polluted gas

170. No treatment of sewage is done if the dilution factor is

Between 150 to 200

Between 200 to 300

Between 400 to 500

More than 500

171. Permissible pH value for public water supply ranges between:­

4.5 to 5.5

5.5 to 6.5

6.5 to 8.5

8.5 to 10.5

172. The discharge formula Q 2piekHS/2.3log10R/rw(with usual notations) for a tube well in confined aquifer is obtained from:­

Thiem's formula

Darcy's formula

Tolman's formula

Dupuit's formula

173. For least effect on water table, only one tubewell should be dug in every:­

0.5 km2

1.0 km2

1.5 km2

2.0 km2

174. The seepage losses from unlined channels can be determined

Ultrasonic method

Tracer technique

Lysimeter

Tipping bucket

175. Capacity of an irrigation channel is fixed on the basis

Cultivable command area and water transmission losses

Duty of water

Time factor

All of the above

176. The highest value of annual evapo-transpiration in India is in Rajkot, Gujarat. Here the annual PET is about:­

210 cm

310 cm

150 cm

150 mm

177. For one dimensional flow without recharge in an unconfined aquifer between two water bodies, the steady water table profile

An ellipse

A parabola

A straight line

An arc of a circle

178. Average rate of water consumption per head per day Indian Standards

100 litres

135 litres

165 litres

200 litres

179. For a country like India, where rainfall is mainly confined to one season, the suitable sewerage system will

Separate system

Combined system

Partially combined system

Partially separate system

180. Eutrophication

a process through which carbon recycles in nature.

caused by accumulation of plant nutrients in water bodies.

an improved water quality status of lakes.

a water purification technique.