FINAL EXAM NATIONAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS
APRIL 2016
POSSESSION USE OF CELL PHONES OR ANY SUCH ELECTRONIC GADGETS IS NOT PERMITTED INSIDE THE
EXAMINATION HALL.
RADIOTHERAPY
PAPER I
RTH/APRIL/16/41/I
Time 3 hours
Max. Marks 100
Important instructions:
• Attempt all questions in order.
• Each question carries 10 marks.
• Read the question carefully and answer to the point neatly and legibly.
• Do not leave any blank pages between two answers.
• Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space.
• Answer all the parts of a single question together.
• Start the answer to a question on a fresh page or leave adequate space between two answers.
• Draw table/diagrams/flowcharts wherever appropriate.
Write short notes on:
1. What are Phase II, III trials?
What is the power of study?
How would you determine the sample size?

2. Pathway of circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid.
Enumerate clinical situations where CSF pathway may need to be
addressed.
Enumerate ways to manage CSF spread.

3. Enumerate the pathologic subtypes as per WHO classification of lung
cancers, briefly describing their salient points.
10
4. Rationale, advantages and disadvantages of neo-adjuvant
chemotherapy.
Current status of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in head and neck
carcinoma.
6+4
5. What is cancer screening?
What are the goals of cancer screening?
What sites are suitable for cancer screening and why?

6. Stage-wise management of unilateral and bilateral retinoblastoma.
10
7. Define five levels of evidence with one example for each level that is
being used in clinical practice.

8. What is TNM staging system?
Why is it used?
Give TNM staging of lung cancers.

9. Define surveillance.
Enumerate the sites and stage where surveillance is an option
along with a brief description of how it is recommended to be
carried out in cancer patients.
2+8
10. What is image guided Radiotherapy?
What are the possible ways of doing image guidance currently?
3+7