FINAL EXAM NATIONAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS
DECEMBER 2016

POSSESSION USE OF CELL PHONES OR ANY SUCH ELECTRONIC GADGETS IS NOT PERMITTED INSIDE THE
EXAMINATION HALL.
PHYSIOLOGY
PAPER II
PHY/D/16/36/II
Time 3 hours
Max. Marks 100
Important instructions:
• Attempt all questions in order.
• Each question carries 10 marks.
• Read the question carefully and answer to the point neatly and legibly.
• Do not leave any blank pages between two answers.
• Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space.
• Answer all the parts of a single question together.
• Start the answer to a question on a fresh page or leave adequate space between two answers.
• Draw table/diagrams/flowcharts wherever appropriate.
Write short notes on:
1. Functional anatomy of cardiac muscle.
Role of extracellular calcium in cardiac muscle contraction.
Name and explain the Law which explains intrinsic modulation of
contraction of Heart.

2. Give an account of oxygen consumption during severe exercise.
Explain the body's respiratory responses to meet increased
oxygen demand.
3+7
3. With the help of a suitable diagram, describe respiratory unit and
the respiratory membrane.
Factors affecting rate of diffusion through respiratory membrane.
6+4
4. Temperature regulatory mechanisms activated by cold and heat.
Define hypothermia and its clinical applications.

5. Give an account of the pattern and special features of foetal
circulation.
List the changes that occur in circulation after birth and the
mechanism involved.

6. Diagrammatically represent the organization of the central
respiratory neurons.
Role of peripheral chemoreceptors in the regulation of respiration.
Briefly describe periodic breathing.

7. Cardiovascular adjustments that occur due to gravitational
acceleration and decceleration.
10
P.T.O.
FINAL EXAM NATIONAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS
DECEMBER 2016

POSSESSION USE OF CELL PHONES OR ANY SUCH ELECTRONIC GADGETS IS NOT PERMITTED INSIDE THE
EXAMINATION HALL.
PHYSIOLOGY
PAPER II
8. Define shock.
List the causes of shock.
Outline the vicious cycle of cardiac deterioration in cardiogenic
shock.
Principle of management of shock.

9. Explain the term haemodynamics.
Roles of Law of Laplace and Poiseuille's law in hemodynamics.

10. Basis of physiological problems which occur during ascent to high
altitude.
List preventive measures for the same.
6+4