FINAL EXAM NATIONAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS
APRIL 2016
POSSESSION USE OF CELL PHONES OR ANY SUCH ELECTRONIC GADGETS IS NOT PERMITTED INSIDE THE
EXAMINATION HALL.
OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
PAPER I
ENT/APRIL/16/28/I
Time 3 hours
Max. Marks 100
Important instructions:
• Attempt all questions in order.
• Each question carries 10 marks.
• Read the question carefully and answer to the point neatly and legibly.
• Do not leave any blank pages between two answers.
• Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space.
• Answer all the parts of a single question together.
• Start the answer to a question on a fresh page or leave adequate space between two answers.
• Draw table/diagrams/flowcharts wherever appropriate.
Write short notes on:
1. Embryology of external and middle ear.
Congenital anomalies of external and middle ear.
6+4
2. Define stapedial reflex and describe its pathway.
How does it help the ENT surgeon in audiological assessment
of deafness?

3. Anatomy of Eustachian tube.
How would you evaluate its function?
6+4
4. What are hearing aids?
Classify different types of hearing aids.
What are the factors which influence prescribing the hearing
aids?

5. Enumerate the causes of pain in ear (otalgia).
How would you manage a case of otitis externa?
5+5
6. Define otoacoustic emission.
Origin, method of testing and clinical importance of otoacoustic
emission.
2+8
7. What are the risk factors for hearing problems in a newborn?
How would you screen these newborn babies for hearing?
5+5
8. Intra-temporal anatomy of facial nerve.
What are the topodiagnostic tests used for facial nerve palsy?
5+5
9. Pathophysiology of nystagmus.
What are the tests for evaluation of BPPV and how would you
manage it?
5+5
10. What is otitic barotrauma?
How can this be prevented?
How will you manage otitic barotrauma?