FINAL EXAM NATIONAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS
DECEMBER 2017
PEDIATRIC SURGERY
PAPER III
P.T.O.

POSSESSION USE OF CELL PHONES OR ANY SUCH ELECTRONIC GADGETS IS NOT PERMITTED INSIDE THE
EXAMINATION HALL.
PED.SURG /D/17/29/III
Time 3 hours
Max. Marks 100
Important instructions:
• Attempt all questions in order.
• Each question carries 10 marks.
• Read the question carefully and answer to the point neatly and legibly.
• Do not leave any blank pages between two answers.
• Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space.
• Answer all the parts of a single question together.
• Start the answer to a question on a fresh page or leave adequate space between two
answers.
• Draw table/diagrams/flowcharts wherever appropriate.
Write short notes on:
1. Define megaureter.
King's classification of megaureter.
Etiology of megaureter
Management of non-obstructed megaureter.

2. Antenatal diagnosis of posterior urethral valves.
Role of diversion procedures in neonates with posterior
urethral valves in today's era.
Importance of management beyond ablation of valves.
Prognostic factors in patients with posterior urethral valves.

3. What is androgen insensitivity syndrome
Types, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of AIS

4. Role of dysfunctional elimination syndrome in
etiopathogenesis of urinary tract infections in children.
Enumerate different management modalities for primary and
secondary vesico-ureteric reflux Cite advantages and
disadvantages.
Hydrodistension injection technique indications and
complications.

5. Classify hypospadias.
Enumerate different procedures that are currently in vogue.
Mention your procedure of choice in a patient with mid-penile
hypospadias with 15º chordee, citing reasons.
Enumerate complications and mention steps to decrease
their incidences.

FINAL EXAM NATIONAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS
DECEMBER 2017
PEDIATRIC SURGERY
PAPER III

POSSESSION USE OF CELL PHONES OR ANY SUCH ELECTRONIC GADGETS IS NOT PERMITTED INSIDE THE
EXAMINATION HALL.
6. Variants of bladder exstrophy.
Megalourethra
Total versus partial urogenital mobilization
Disassembly procedure for epispadias.

7. Dandy Walker syndrome.
Diastematomyelia
Hydranencephaly
Acetazolamide use in hydrocephalus

8. Different types of conjoined twins.
Diagnostic modalities to be used before separation is
undertaken.
Difficulties likely to be encountered and their management.

9. Differences between radiopharmaceutical agents DTPA and
DMSA.
Different parameters to be studied in DTPA scan performed
for a child with hydronephorsis due to pyelo-ureteral junction
obstruction. (PUJO)
Role of intravenous pyelogram in diagnosis of PUJO in
today's era

10. Indications, pros and cons of paediatric robotic surgery.
Nanotechnology in paediatric surgery.
5+5