FINAL EXAM NATIONAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS
DECEMBER 2017
NEPHROLOGY
PAPER III

POSSESSION/USE OF CELL PHONES OR ANY SUCH ELECTRONIC GADGETS IS NOT PERMITTED INSIDE THE EXAMINATION HALL.
Time 3 hours NEPHRO/D/17/20/III
Max. Marks 100
Important instructions:
• Attempt all questions in order.
• Each question carries 10 marks.
• Read the question carefully and answer to the point neatly and legibly.
• Do not leave any blank pages between two answers.
• Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space.
• Answer all the parts of a single question together.
• Start the answer to a question on a fresh page or leave adequate space between two
answers.
• Draw table/diagrams/flowcharts wherever appropriate.
Write short notes on:
1. How functional MRI (fMRI) differs from MRI?
Technique of Renal "Bold MRI"
Its utility in Nephrology

2. Sodium modelling during hemodialysis:
Concept.
Clinical setting in which it is useful
5+5
3. Define a highly sensitized renal transplant recipient
Methods of de-senstizations prior to transplant
3+7
4. Transplant glomerulopathy:
Pathogenesis
Diagnosis
Management

5. Ultrafiltration failure in Peritoneal Dialysis:
Definition
Types
Management

6. Pregnancy in renal transplant receipient:
When to advice
Precaution and management
5+5
7. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Pathogenesis
Markers of progressive disease
Role of vaptans

8. SGLT-2 Receptor:
Normal physiology
Upcoming role of SGLT-2 inhibitors in management of
DM and diabetic kidney disease
3+7
9. Meso-American nephropathy
Endemic areas of chronic kidney disease of unknown
origin in India
6+4
10. Extra-corporeal therapy in sepsis:
Proposed mechanisms for its role
Current modalities available
Current status