FINAL EXAM NATIONAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS
JUNE 2017

POSSESSION USE OF CELL PHONES OR ANY SUCH ELECTRONIC GADGETS IS NOT PERMITTED INSIDE THE
EXAMINATION HALL.
NUCLEAR MEDICINE
PAPER I
NM/J/17/24/I
Time 3 hours
Max. Marks 100
Important instructions:
• Attempt all questions in order.
• Each question carries 10 marks.
• Read the question carefully and answer to the point neatly and legibly.
• Do not leave any blank pages between two answers.
• Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space.
• Answer all the parts of a single question together.
• Start the answer to a question on a fresh page or leave adequate space between two answers.
• Draw table/diagrams/flowcharts wherever appropriate.
Write short notes on:
1. Absorbed dose, equivalent dose and effective dose.
Derive radioactive decay equation.
5+5
2. Define various modes of radioactive decay.
Decay chart of 124I.
5+5
3. Effect of compartmental model in GFR estimation.
National rules pertaining to transport of radioactive substances.
5+5
4. Define calibration factor of PET scanner.
Branching fraction of radionuclides.
A cylindrical uniform phantom had 40MBq of 68Ge-68Ga
radioactivity. A PET scanner gives 4000 counts per second
reading from the phantom. A patient was injected 10mCi of 18FFDG
and after scanning an ROI of lesion gives 7000 counts per
second. Calculate how much activity is present in the lesion.

5. Beam hardening effect.
Truncation error.
Scatters in PET imaging.
Partial volume effect.
2.5x4
6. Sensitivity
Specificity
Positive predictive value
Accuracy
2.5x4
7. Deterministic effect
Cell-Survival Curves
5+5
8. Gamma Ray Spectrometry
DICOM PACS
5+5
9. Photomultiplier tube (PMT).
Photodiodes and APDs.
4+6
10. Poisson's distribution
Wipe test
Chi-Square test
Null hypothesis
2.5x4