FINAL EXAM NATIONAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS
JUNE 2017

POSSESSION USE OF CELL PHONES OR ANY SUCH ELECTRONIC GADGETS IS NOT PERMITTED INSIDE THE
EXAMINATION HALL.
EMERGENCY MEDICINE
PAPER I
EM/J/17/52/I
Time 3 hours
Max. Marks 100
Important instructions:
• Attempt all questions in order.
• Each question carries 10 marks.
• Read the question carefully and answer to the point neatly and legibly.
• Do not leave any blank pages between two answers.
• Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space.
• Answer all the parts of a single question together.
• Start the answer to a question on a fresh page or leave adequate space between two answers.
• Draw table/diagrams/flowcharts wherever appropriate.
Write short notes on:
1. Sodium homeostasis.
Mention various causes of hyponatremia.
Pathophysiology of clinical effects of hyponatremia.

2. Draw a labeled diagram of portal venous system.
Enumerate causes of portal hypertension.
Pathophysiology of ascites in cirrhosis of liver.

3. Bayes Theorem.
What are the measures of diagnostic test accuracy?
ROC curve (Receiver Operating Characteristic curve).

4. Bioavailability of a drug.
'First pass effect' of a drug.
Clinical implications of half life measurement of a drug.

5. What are baroreceptors?
Common locations of baroreceptors in body.
Baroreflex.
Management of orthostatic hypotension.

6. How do lungs regulate acid base balance?
Pathophysiology of metabolic alkalosis.
What are the common causes of metabolic alkalosis?

7. Anatomy of lower motor neurons with a suitable diagram.
Clinical signs characteristic of lower motor neuron disease.
Enumerate causes of episodic generalized weakness.

P.T.O.
FINAL EXAM NATIONAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS
JUNE 2017

POSSESSION USE OF CELL PHONES OR ANY SUCH ELECTRONIC GADGETS IS NOT PERMITTED INSIDE THE
EXAMINATION HALL.
EMERGENCY MEDICINE
PAPER I
8. Define "Ataxia".
What are various features of cerebellar disease?
How do you differentiate between cerebellar ataxia and sensory
ataxia?

9. Pathophysiology of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state.
Diagnostic criteria of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state.
How do you differentiate between hypermolar hyperglycemic state
and diabetic ketoacidosis.

10. Draw a labeled diagram of middle ear.
What are the causes of "Otitis externa"?
How do you differentiate sensorineural deafness from conductive
deafness?