1. Choose the correct answer from the given alternatives The load of a system is shown in the following figure:

<img src='./qimages/15572-1a.jpg'>

The load factor of the system is
0·778

(ii) 0·667

(iii) 0·438
0·331 Which of the following plants can never have 100% load factor Nuclear power plant

(ii) Hydroelectric plant

(iii) Peak load plant
Base load plant A consumer finds that after running 10 kVA equipment on full load for six hours, the energy consumption is 8 kW. It can be concluded that the load factor of the consumer for the day is unity

(ii) the maximum demand of the consumer is 10 kW

(iii) the equipment draws reactive power only
power factor of the equipment is 0·8 In a 440 V system, in order to obtain the minimum cost and maximum benefits, the capacitor should be installed at the load

(ii) near the transformer

(iii) anywhere in the circuit
near the earthing point Identify the incorrect relation. Power factor =kW/kVA

(ii) kW =kVA x power factor

(iii) kVA x kW =power factor

(iv) kVA =kW/power factor For a thermal power plant,·which is not a fixed cost Interest on capital

(ii) Depreciation

(iii) Insurance charges
Cost of fuel The maximum demand of a consumer is 2 kW and the daily energy consumption is 20 units. The load factor is 10·15%

(ii) 41·67%

(iii) 50%
60%

2. Explain the different tariffs in use and mention the type of consumers for which each is applicable.

3. Explain the combined operation of hydroelectric station and thermal station. Enlist the advantages of the combined operation.

4. Explain Active and Reactive power optimization with regard to economic dispatch of power flow.

5. What do you understand by fixed cost and operational cost of power plants? How do these factors vary for different types of power stations?

6.(a) A generating station has a connected load of 43 MW and a maximum demand of 20 MW; the units generated being 61·5 x 10^6 per annum. Calculate the demand factor.

(ii) load factor.

(b) Explain steam pressure control technique used in a Boiler.

8. Write short notes on any two of the following: Coal Analysis Supervisory Control and Monitoring System Spinning Reserve