1. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:

1 Roughly speaking, one may divide the history of dance into two periods: from 2nd century B.n to 9th century AD., and 10th century to the 18th century A.D. In the first period, tradition as formulated by the Natyasastra strictly adhered to dance; drama and music couldn't be disassociated from one another. The available evidence suggests that the sculptors who produced the remarkable specimens of art in Sanchi, Mathura, Amravati and finally at Ellora, were well versed in the Natyasastra tradition. They or their masters have purposefully sought to depict some of the poses described in the Natyasastra specially the Charis. During this period we also find that not much stylization had been achieved because the outward bend of the thigh and knees had not become a stereotyped convention.

2 From the Sanskrit literature of the classical period, especially the Kavya and the Nataka, we gather that the poet and dramatist were equally well versed in the technical intricacies of dance. The tradition continues in literature beyond the 10th century A.D. until the writings of Rajasekhara. His Karpuramanjari is not only a dramatic tradition in Sanskrit but also a theatrical tradition. By Karpuramanjari's time, it is evident that the pure drama form had given place to the musical form. The growth of the musical is important because it was this which generally determined dance and drama forms of the regional culture in the later medieval period. Medieval temples also provide ample evidence that sculptors had considerable technical knowledge of the art of dance. The Brihasdeswara temple in Tanjore was built in 11th century. It was here that karnas were first illustrated. The Oriyan temples of Parameswara and Rajarani belonged to this period: 9th to 11th century. The charis (movement) and sthanas (position) described in the Natyasastra are elaborately depicted in the sculptures on the outer walls of these temples. Each temple portrays a variety of dance poses and movements which are accurate illustrations of either the original style or of texts which were followed by regional artists.

3 The dance continued to be divided into Natya and Nrittya on the one hand and to Tandava and Lasya on the other. Although they continued to follow broad principles, many distinctive regional styles evolved and each region ultimately developed a native vocabulary. This led to the formulation of different classical styles in India. The beginning of the contemporary classical styles, whether, Bharatanatyam, Kathakali, Manipuri, Odissi, Kuchipudi or Kathak., can be traced back to the developments in the medieval period, roughly dating from 1300 to 1800 A.D.

4 The British system of education didn't recognize the "arts" as a subject of educational curricula. The generations which went to the schools and colleges founded by the British in India in the 19th century were thus isolated from the art traditions of the country. The recent revival of interest in dance, developed as a sign of national pride in the glorious, indigenous art and culture helped the development and popularity of our dance styles. The storehouse was so rich and the layers of dust so weak that the sincere artist had only to dig a little to discover its essential luminosity. The digging continues and each time one delves deeper, a greater treasure is discovered.

What are the two periods that dance can be divided into

Why is the growth of music important to the dance form

Give examples to prove that temples showed ample knowledge of the dance form.

What were the main divisions of the dance form?

What happened to the dance form during the British period?

Find words similar in meaning from the passage:

Followed (para

Show (para

Clear (para

Finally (para

Separated (para


2. Do as directed

It is important to work hard and show commitment. (Convert into an interrogative form of sentence)

If student is interested in becoming a leader, he should identify qualities of some well-known leaders. (Insert an appropriate article in each blank)

Breeding aims at (increase) the yield of animals and (improve) the desirable qualities of the produce. (Fill in the blanks with the correct verb forms)

I can never remember birthdays, I always look them up. You note them in your diary. (Fill in the blanks with must or have to)

I had to return early. There was no one at home to receive the guests. (Combine the two sentences using an appropriate conjunction)

3. Correct the following:

You are going out when?

There is another way for meet this situation.

The watchman run into the room with a pale face.

The fact that she is not upset at the arrangement shows her tolerance.

This method is useful for a means to increase productivity.

4. Write an essay in about 200 words on anyone of the given topics

Cleanliness is a virtue to be cultivated.

Some forms of investment are sure to bring in returns.

Movie making is a creative art.

The environment and its conservation is the responsibility of every individual.

5. Write a dialogue of about 150 words on anyone of the following situations

As a member of the school alumni you, Karan Thapar, are very keen to help the school in some way or the other. You meet your school Principal in this regard and have a talk with her about this issue.

OR

You wish to go on a holiday to Kerala. Talk to your travel agent and make relevant enquiries.