Exam Details
| Subject | Fundamentals of Cardio-Vascular System-I | |
| Paper | ||
| Exam / Course | Post Graduate Diploma in Clinical Cardiology | |
| Department | School of Health Science (SOHS) | |
| Organization | indira gandhi national open university | |
| Position | ||
| Exam Date | June, 2016 | |
| City, State | new delhi, |
Question Paper
1. Which cardiac chamber does not contribute to cardiac silhouette in chest X-ray PA view?
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
2. Regarding chest X-ray lateral view, which of the following statement is incorrect?
The obliteration of retro-sternal space suggest enlargement of right ventricle
Helps in differentiating the thymus shadow in children from heart shadow
Defines lobar pathology and assesses lobar volume loss
Hoffman Rigler sign is due to LA enlargement
3. Which of the following statements regarding cardiac embryology is correct?
Normal cardiac looping is towards left side
Developing heart began to beat by 8 weeks
The left atrial appendage represents the embryonic atrium
The failure of truncoconal swelling to grow results in transposition of great arteries
4. Which of the following statements is not correct?
In right anterior oblique view the spine lies on the right of the heart shadow
The aorta is better seen in left anterior oblique view
Increase in convexity of pulmonary conus is seen in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Straightening of left heart border is seen in PA enlargement
5. Blood pressure increases and heart rate decreases in response to
Exercise
Increased body temperature
Exposure to high altitude
Increased intracranial tension
6. Increasing vagal stimulation of the heart will cause an increase in
Heart rate
P-R interval
Ventricular contractility
Cardiac output
7. Persistence of a patent ductus arteriosus following birth causes:
Diastolic murmur
Systolic murmur
Continuous murmur
Gallop rhythm
8. The first heart sound coincides with
Isometric contraction phase
Isometric relaxation phase
Ejection phase
Protodiastolic phase
9. Baroreceptors of carotid sinus and aortic arch are sensitive to
Increase in systolic pressure
Increase in venous pressure
Increase in pulse pressure
Increase in ventricular pressure
10. Which of the following is not seen during isovolumetric (isometric) ventricular contraction
Increase of intraventricular pressure
The semilunar valves remain closed
Ejection of blood from the ventricles
C wave of JVP
11. In the heart, cardiac muscle is not found in the:
Interatrial septum
Interventricular septum
SA node
Valve cusps
12. All of the following are common consequences of congenital heart disease in the adult except:
Eisenmenger syndrome
Erythrocytosis
Infective endocarditis
Stroke
13. Paired heart tubes are derived from:
Ectoderm
Endoderm
Neural crest
Mesoderm
14. The parietal pericardium is derived from:
Paraxial Mesoderm
Intermediate Mesoderm
Head Mesenchyme
Lateral Plate Somatic Mesoderm
15. Incomplete fusions of the endocardial cushions is usually associated with which of the following types of atrial septal defects?
Primum
Secundum
Sinus Venosus
Common atrium
16. The fetal left atrium is mainly derived from the:
Sinus venous
Right pulmonary vein
Primitive pulmonary vein
Primitive atrium
17. Closure of the foramen primum results from the fusion of the:
Septum primum and the septum secundum
Septum primum and the endocardial cushions
Septum secundum and the septum spurium
Septum secundum and the endocardial cushions
18. The fetal right atrium is mainly derived from the
Primitive pUlmonary vein
Primitive atrium
Sinus venarum
Sinus venosus
19. Which of the following cause's rib-notching in a chest radiograph?
Bidirectional Glenn shunt
Modified Blalock Taussig shunt
IVC occlusion
Coarctation of aorta
20. The chest view which is often useful to determine whether pleural abnormalities represent freely flowing fluids:
The PA view
The lateral view
Lateral decubitus view
Apical lordotic view
21. For visualization of diseases of lung apices, which view of chest is preferred?
PA View
Lateral view
Lateral decubitus view
Apical lordotic view
22. Left Atrial enlargement is seen in
AP View
PA View
Left Oblique View
Right Anterior Oblique View
23. In standing position, venous return to heart from the lower limbs is affected by all of the following except
Competent valves
Deep fascia
Arterial pressure
Contraction of the calf muscles
24. In left subclavian artery, the branches of the first part of the subclavian artery are all except:
Costocervical trunk
Internal thoracic artery
Thyrocervical trunk
Vertebral artery
25. The heart is to the lungs.
Superior
Dorsal
Medial
Lateral
26. Which of the following statements is not correct?
The sinus venosus serves as the pacemaker of the heart of the young embryo
The septum primum completely divides the developing atrium into right and left compartments
In the adult heart, the sinus venous is represented by the sino-atrial node
The two endocardial cushions divide the atrioventricular canal into the right tricuspid and left bicuspid (mitral) canals
27. Which of the following statements is not correct?
The atrioventricular node and atrioventricular bundle (of His) are derived from cells in the left wall of the sinus venosus and from cells in the atrioventricular canal
Probe patency of the foramen ovale does not permit shunting of blood from the right atrium to the left atrium in the neonate
The ostium primum lies between the septum primum and the endocardial cushions
The muscular portion of the interventricular septum is derived from the tissue of the endocardial cushions
28. In the foetal circulatory system mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood occurs in all but one of the following:
Ductus arteriosus
Inferior vena cave
Left atrium
Liver
29. All the following are true with respect to heart development except:
The bulbus cordis and truncus arteriosus are separated longitudinally by a straight septum.
The bulbus cordis and truncus arteriosus form the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk.
The atrioventricular node and bundle form from cells in the atrioventricular canal region and the sinus venosus.
The sinoatrial node,. and the atrioventricular node and bundle become richly innervated.
30. In Pericardial Effusion X-ray finding is
Boot shaped heart
Bottle shaped heart
Straightening of left heart borders
Straightening of right heart borders
31. All the following apply to bicuspid valve except:
It's also called Mitral Valve
It's a Semi-lunar Valve
Found on left side of Heart
It prevents blood from, backward into left atrium
32. The Semi-lunar Valves prevent blood from flowing backward:
Into the Atria
Into the Ventricle
Into the Brain
Into Liver
33. Blood flowing through a vein tends to:
Pulse
Flow smoothly
Flow at a faster rate than in the artery
Carry Oxygen to the cells
34. Exchange of gases and ventricles between blood and tissue is the major function of
Arterioles
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
35. The Pulse pressure of a person with arterial BP 160/100 mmHg is:
160
100
130
60
36. The most important investigation for Pericardial Effusion is
Lateral view of Chest X-ray
E.C.C.
Echocardiography
Cardiac catheterization
37. The sternocostal surface of the heart consists of all the following "except"
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
38. The inferior border of the heart or diaphragmatic of the heart is formed by
Right atrium
One third by right ventricle and two third by left ventricle
Two third by right ventricle and one third by left ventricle
Only right ventricle
39. Which is "true" regarding Limbus fossa ovalis
It represents the embryonic septum primum
It represents the lower curved edge of septum secundum
It forms the lower margin of fossa ovalis
None of the above
40. The papillary muscles are functionally related to
Atria
Atrioventricular valves
Ventricles
All of the above
41. Which is true regarding coronary arteries?
The coronary arteries are functional end arteries
There is no effective anastomosis between right and left coronary arteries
Both are true
Both are false
42. Which is not correct regarding right coronary artery 7
It arises from the left coronary sinus
It runs along the anterior part of coronary sulcus
It supplies to right atrium, right ventricle and conducting system of the heart
All are correct
43. The diagonal artery is the branch of
Anterior interventricular artery
Left circumflex artery
Right coronary artery
None of the above
44. The "atrial systole" corresponds to
The begiru1ing of P wave
PR interval
Beginning of QRS complex
None of the above
45. The Isovolumetric Contraction phase corresponds to
Beginning of R wave on the ECG
First heart sound on auscultation
During this phase AV valve and semilunar valve are closed
All of the above
46. Which is true regarding Isovolumetric Relaxation phase?
It corresponds to the 3rd heart sound
During this phase, the semilunar valve and atrioventricular valve both are opened
The volume of ventricle remains the same and the ventricular pressure arises
None of the above
47. Which of the following is a negative wave in Atrial pressure wave formed?
"a" wave
"x" wave
"c" wave
"v" wave
48. Which of the following Atrial pressure wave forms indicates ventricular diastole?
"a" wave
"x" descent
"v" wave
"y" descent
49. The partitioning and complete formation of fetal heart is seen by
4 weeks of gestation
6 weeks of gestation
8 weeks of gestation
12 weeks of gestation
50. Which of the following is not a part of "Bulbus cordis"
Bulbus cordis -the proximal portion forms the right ventricle
Conus cordis
Truncus arteriosus
Aortic sac
51. Which is correct statement regarding Atrial partitioning?
The partitioning of atrium begins with the appearance of septum primum
It occurs about the 28th day
The ostium secundum is formed by perforation in septum primum
All are correct
52. The free edge of foramen ovale is formed by
Septum primum
Septum secundum
Septum spurium
All of the above
53. In the fetal heart, the sinus venosus receive blood from:
Vitelline vein
Umbilical vein
Common cardinal vein
All of the above
54. The Sinoatrial Orifice is
Communication bern'een right and left horn of sinus venosus
It is communication between sinus venosus and vitelline vein
It is communication between sinus venosus and common cardinal vein
It is communication between sinus venosus and primitive atrium
55. Which of the following structure gets obliterated in post natal life
The right sinus horn
Right anterior cardinal vein
Right vitelline vein
Right umbilical vein
56. The superior vena cava forms by
The right horn of sinus venosus
The right anterior cardinal vein
The right vitelline vein
Right umbilical vein
57. The inferior vena cava forms by
Right vitelline vein
The right umbilical vein
The left horn of sinus venosus
Right anterior cardinal vein
58. The coronary sinus forms by
The right horn of sinus venosus
The left horn of sinus venosus
The umbilical vein
The common cardinal vein
59. The persistent atrioventricular canal is caused by
Failure of the superior and inferior cushion to fuse
Deficient development of conus swelling
Failure of muscular portion of interventricular septum to fuse with free edge of conus septum
Excessive diventricular of the muscular interventricular septum
60. Which of the following factor is responsible for occurrence of ventricular septal defect?
Deficient development of the proximal conus swellings
Failure of the muscular portion of the interventricular septum to fuse with the free edge of conus septum
Failure of the endocardial cushions to fuse
All of the above
61. Which is not correct regarding Dextrocardia?
It occurs when the primitive heart tube holds to the left
It occurs when the primitive heart tube holds to the right
It usually occurs when all the organs systems are reversed (sinus inversus)
All are correct
62. The Ventricular septal defect in Tetralogy of Fallot is located in
Membranous septum
Muscular septum
Outlet septum
It can be located anywhere
63. The single embryological error which leads to the occurrence of TOF is
The straddling of aorta over the VSD
The conal septum develops too far anteriorly
Both of the above
None of the above
64. Which of the following structure forms right border in postero-anterior view of X-ray?
Right atrium plus SVC
Right atrium plus Left atrium
Right atrium plus right ventricle
All of the above
65. The best radiological view to demonstrate lesions in restrosternal and costophrenic regions is:
Postero -anterior view
Lateral view
Right anterior oblique view
Left anterior oblique view
66. The anterior margins of cardiac contours in lateral view is formed by
Right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Left atrium and left ventricle
Right atrium and right ventricle
Right ventricle alone
67. The best radiological view to see the aorta is
Lateral view
Postero-anterior view
Right anterior oblique view
Left anterior oblique view
68. The "Hoffman Rigler Sign" is suggestive of
Right atrial enlargement
Left atrial enlargement
Left ventricular enlargement
Right ventricular enlargement
69. "Sternal Contact Sign" denotes:
Right atrial enlargement
Right ventricular enlargement
Pulmonary artery dilatation
RV enlargement with pulmonary artery dilatation
70. The"double density sign" (increased density producing a convex border overlying or to the right of right heart border) indicates:
Posterior enlargement of left atrium
Rightward enlargement of left atrium
Superior enlargement of left atrium
All of the above
71. The superior enlargement of left atrium manifest as
An increased density producing a convex border overlying the right heart border (double density)
Widening of carinal angle to more than 90 degrees
Straightening and convexity of left heart border
All of the above
72. Right atrial enlargement in PA view is suggested by
The right heart border more than 3 cm from the midline
Right heart border 4 cm more from the midline
Right heart border more than 5.5 cm from midline
Right heart border more than 7 cm from midline
73. Pulmonary plethora indicated by
Pulmonary branches are visualized beyond the inner 2/3rd of lungs
Vessels in the upper and lower lobes are dilated to the same degree
The number of end on vessels seen is 5 or more in both lung fields (or 3 or more in one lung field)
All of the above
74. Pericardial calcification is better seen on
AP view
Lateral view
RA view
LA view
75. Which of the following is not a radiological feature of pulmonary embolism?
Ring sign
Westermark sign
Fleischner's sign
Hampton hump
76. Which of the following radiological features is suggestive of dissection of the aorta?
Widened mediastinum
Ring sign
Abnormal aortic knob
All of the above
77. All of the following drains into the right Atrium except:
Inferior Vena Cava
Venae Cordis Minimae
Right Pulmonary Vein
Superior Vena Cava
78. Which of the following is a feature of Pulmonary Venous Hypertension?
Central atrial enlargement, manifesting as an increased convexity of the pulmonary conus
Enlargement of descending pulmonary artery
Sharp pruning of peripheral vasculature
Kerley Blines
79. Which of the following represents atrial systole in RA PRESSURE wave form?
"a" wave
"c" wave
"v" wave
"y" wave
80. Which of the following structure is referred as Pacemaker of the heart?
Sinoatrial node
A-V Node
Interatrial conduction tracts
Bundle of HIS
81. Which of the following structures is responsible for conduction of impulse from right to left atrium
Purkinje Fibers
Bundle of HIS
Bundle of Thorel
Bachman Bundle
82. The "PR" interval in surface EKG represents conduction of Impulse:
From SA node to AV node
From SA node to Bundle of HIS
From SA node to Bundle branches
From SA node to ventricular muscles
83. Which of the following waveform represents final phase of re-polarisation of cardiac action potential
P wave
QRS complex
T wave
U wave
84. The QRS amplitude is much higher than P wave because of
Longer distance of travel of impulse
Slower rate of conduction through ventricular muscles
Depolarization of larger muscle mass
All of the above
85. Which of the following is not a cause of ST segment elevation in EKG
Acute pericarditis
Mitral valve prolapse
Early repolarization
Aneurysm
86. Which of the following is a non-ischaemic cause of ST segment depression?
Sub-endocardial ischaemia
Non Q Wave MI
Secondary ST segment changes with Bundle Branch Block
Reciprocal changes in acute Q wave MI
87. The most Labile waveform in EKG is:
P wave
QRS wave
T wave
U wave
88. In normal EKG, "T" wave is always upright in lead:
I,IIandV3-V6
II, III and avF
avR, avL and avF
avL and V1 to V6
89. The "T" wave is always inverted in
Lead II, III and avF
Lead avR
Lead V1 to V3
All of the above
90. All the following produces tall "T" wave in ECG "except"
Idiopathic apical hypertrophy
Hyperkalemia
Early repolarization abnormality
Early stage of ST elevation
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
2. Regarding chest X-ray lateral view, which of the following statement is incorrect?
The obliteration of retro-sternal space suggest enlargement of right ventricle
Helps in differentiating the thymus shadow in children from heart shadow
Defines lobar pathology and assesses lobar volume loss
Hoffman Rigler sign is due to LA enlargement
3. Which of the following statements regarding cardiac embryology is correct?
Normal cardiac looping is towards left side
Developing heart began to beat by 8 weeks
The left atrial appendage represents the embryonic atrium
The failure of truncoconal swelling to grow results in transposition of great arteries
4. Which of the following statements is not correct?
In right anterior oblique view the spine lies on the right of the heart shadow
The aorta is better seen in left anterior oblique view
Increase in convexity of pulmonary conus is seen in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Straightening of left heart border is seen in PA enlargement
5. Blood pressure increases and heart rate decreases in response to
Exercise
Increased body temperature
Exposure to high altitude
Increased intracranial tension
6. Increasing vagal stimulation of the heart will cause an increase in
Heart rate
P-R interval
Ventricular contractility
Cardiac output
7. Persistence of a patent ductus arteriosus following birth causes:
Diastolic murmur
Systolic murmur
Continuous murmur
Gallop rhythm
8. The first heart sound coincides with
Isometric contraction phase
Isometric relaxation phase
Ejection phase
Protodiastolic phase
9. Baroreceptors of carotid sinus and aortic arch are sensitive to
Increase in systolic pressure
Increase in venous pressure
Increase in pulse pressure
Increase in ventricular pressure
10. Which of the following is not seen during isovolumetric (isometric) ventricular contraction
Increase of intraventricular pressure
The semilunar valves remain closed
Ejection of blood from the ventricles
C wave of JVP
11. In the heart, cardiac muscle is not found in the:
Interatrial septum
Interventricular septum
SA node
Valve cusps
12. All of the following are common consequences of congenital heart disease in the adult except:
Eisenmenger syndrome
Erythrocytosis
Infective endocarditis
Stroke
13. Paired heart tubes are derived from:
Ectoderm
Endoderm
Neural crest
Mesoderm
14. The parietal pericardium is derived from:
Paraxial Mesoderm
Intermediate Mesoderm
Head Mesenchyme
Lateral Plate Somatic Mesoderm
15. Incomplete fusions of the endocardial cushions is usually associated with which of the following types of atrial septal defects?
Primum
Secundum
Sinus Venosus
Common atrium
16. The fetal left atrium is mainly derived from the:
Sinus venous
Right pulmonary vein
Primitive pulmonary vein
Primitive atrium
17. Closure of the foramen primum results from the fusion of the:
Septum primum and the septum secundum
Septum primum and the endocardial cushions
Septum secundum and the septum spurium
Septum secundum and the endocardial cushions
18. The fetal right atrium is mainly derived from the
Primitive pUlmonary vein
Primitive atrium
Sinus venarum
Sinus venosus
19. Which of the following cause's rib-notching in a chest radiograph?
Bidirectional Glenn shunt
Modified Blalock Taussig shunt
IVC occlusion
Coarctation of aorta
20. The chest view which is often useful to determine whether pleural abnormalities represent freely flowing fluids:
The PA view
The lateral view
Lateral decubitus view
Apical lordotic view
21. For visualization of diseases of lung apices, which view of chest is preferred?
PA View
Lateral view
Lateral decubitus view
Apical lordotic view
22. Left Atrial enlargement is seen in
AP View
PA View
Left Oblique View
Right Anterior Oblique View
23. In standing position, venous return to heart from the lower limbs is affected by all of the following except
Competent valves
Deep fascia
Arterial pressure
Contraction of the calf muscles
24. In left subclavian artery, the branches of the first part of the subclavian artery are all except:
Costocervical trunk
Internal thoracic artery
Thyrocervical trunk
Vertebral artery
25. The heart is to the lungs.
Superior
Dorsal
Medial
Lateral
26. Which of the following statements is not correct?
The sinus venosus serves as the pacemaker of the heart of the young embryo
The septum primum completely divides the developing atrium into right and left compartments
In the adult heart, the sinus venous is represented by the sino-atrial node
The two endocardial cushions divide the atrioventricular canal into the right tricuspid and left bicuspid (mitral) canals
27. Which of the following statements is not correct?
The atrioventricular node and atrioventricular bundle (of His) are derived from cells in the left wall of the sinus venosus and from cells in the atrioventricular canal
Probe patency of the foramen ovale does not permit shunting of blood from the right atrium to the left atrium in the neonate
The ostium primum lies between the septum primum and the endocardial cushions
The muscular portion of the interventricular septum is derived from the tissue of the endocardial cushions
28. In the foetal circulatory system mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood occurs in all but one of the following:
Ductus arteriosus
Inferior vena cave
Left atrium
Liver
29. All the following are true with respect to heart development except:
The bulbus cordis and truncus arteriosus are separated longitudinally by a straight septum.
The bulbus cordis and truncus arteriosus form the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk.
The atrioventricular node and bundle form from cells in the atrioventricular canal region and the sinus venosus.
The sinoatrial node,. and the atrioventricular node and bundle become richly innervated.
30. In Pericardial Effusion X-ray finding is
Boot shaped heart
Bottle shaped heart
Straightening of left heart borders
Straightening of right heart borders
31. All the following apply to bicuspid valve except:
It's also called Mitral Valve
It's a Semi-lunar Valve
Found on left side of Heart
It prevents blood from, backward into left atrium
32. The Semi-lunar Valves prevent blood from flowing backward:
Into the Atria
Into the Ventricle
Into the Brain
Into Liver
33. Blood flowing through a vein tends to:
Pulse
Flow smoothly
Flow at a faster rate than in the artery
Carry Oxygen to the cells
34. Exchange of gases and ventricles between blood and tissue is the major function of
Arterioles
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
35. The Pulse pressure of a person with arterial BP 160/100 mmHg is:
160
100
130
60
36. The most important investigation for Pericardial Effusion is
Lateral view of Chest X-ray
E.C.C.
Echocardiography
Cardiac catheterization
37. The sternocostal surface of the heart consists of all the following "except"
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
38. The inferior border of the heart or diaphragmatic of the heart is formed by
Right atrium
One third by right ventricle and two third by left ventricle
Two third by right ventricle and one third by left ventricle
Only right ventricle
39. Which is "true" regarding Limbus fossa ovalis
It represents the embryonic septum primum
It represents the lower curved edge of septum secundum
It forms the lower margin of fossa ovalis
None of the above
40. The papillary muscles are functionally related to
Atria
Atrioventricular valves
Ventricles
All of the above
41. Which is true regarding coronary arteries?
The coronary arteries are functional end arteries
There is no effective anastomosis between right and left coronary arteries
Both are true
Both are false
42. Which is not correct regarding right coronary artery 7
It arises from the left coronary sinus
It runs along the anterior part of coronary sulcus
It supplies to right atrium, right ventricle and conducting system of the heart
All are correct
43. The diagonal artery is the branch of
Anterior interventricular artery
Left circumflex artery
Right coronary artery
None of the above
44. The "atrial systole" corresponds to
The begiru1ing of P wave
PR interval
Beginning of QRS complex
None of the above
45. The Isovolumetric Contraction phase corresponds to
Beginning of R wave on the ECG
First heart sound on auscultation
During this phase AV valve and semilunar valve are closed
All of the above
46. Which is true regarding Isovolumetric Relaxation phase?
It corresponds to the 3rd heart sound
During this phase, the semilunar valve and atrioventricular valve both are opened
The volume of ventricle remains the same and the ventricular pressure arises
None of the above
47. Which of the following is a negative wave in Atrial pressure wave formed?
"a" wave
"x" wave
"c" wave
"v" wave
48. Which of the following Atrial pressure wave forms indicates ventricular diastole?
"a" wave
"x" descent
"v" wave
"y" descent
49. The partitioning and complete formation of fetal heart is seen by
4 weeks of gestation
6 weeks of gestation
8 weeks of gestation
12 weeks of gestation
50. Which of the following is not a part of "Bulbus cordis"
Bulbus cordis -the proximal portion forms the right ventricle
Conus cordis
Truncus arteriosus
Aortic sac
51. Which is correct statement regarding Atrial partitioning?
The partitioning of atrium begins with the appearance of septum primum
It occurs about the 28th day
The ostium secundum is formed by perforation in septum primum
All are correct
52. The free edge of foramen ovale is formed by
Septum primum
Septum secundum
Septum spurium
All of the above
53. In the fetal heart, the sinus venosus receive blood from:
Vitelline vein
Umbilical vein
Common cardinal vein
All of the above
54. The Sinoatrial Orifice is
Communication bern'een right and left horn of sinus venosus
It is communication between sinus venosus and vitelline vein
It is communication between sinus venosus and common cardinal vein
It is communication between sinus venosus and primitive atrium
55. Which of the following structure gets obliterated in post natal life
The right sinus horn
Right anterior cardinal vein
Right vitelline vein
Right umbilical vein
56. The superior vena cava forms by
The right horn of sinus venosus
The right anterior cardinal vein
The right vitelline vein
Right umbilical vein
57. The inferior vena cava forms by
Right vitelline vein
The right umbilical vein
The left horn of sinus venosus
Right anterior cardinal vein
58. The coronary sinus forms by
The right horn of sinus venosus
The left horn of sinus venosus
The umbilical vein
The common cardinal vein
59. The persistent atrioventricular canal is caused by
Failure of the superior and inferior cushion to fuse
Deficient development of conus swelling
Failure of muscular portion of interventricular septum to fuse with free edge of conus septum
Excessive diventricular of the muscular interventricular septum
60. Which of the following factor is responsible for occurrence of ventricular septal defect?
Deficient development of the proximal conus swellings
Failure of the muscular portion of the interventricular septum to fuse with the free edge of conus septum
Failure of the endocardial cushions to fuse
All of the above
61. Which is not correct regarding Dextrocardia?
It occurs when the primitive heart tube holds to the left
It occurs when the primitive heart tube holds to the right
It usually occurs when all the organs systems are reversed (sinus inversus)
All are correct
62. The Ventricular septal defect in Tetralogy of Fallot is located in
Membranous septum
Muscular septum
Outlet septum
It can be located anywhere
63. The single embryological error which leads to the occurrence of TOF is
The straddling of aorta over the VSD
The conal septum develops too far anteriorly
Both of the above
None of the above
64. Which of the following structure forms right border in postero-anterior view of X-ray?
Right atrium plus SVC
Right atrium plus Left atrium
Right atrium plus right ventricle
All of the above
65. The best radiological view to demonstrate lesions in restrosternal and costophrenic regions is:
Postero -anterior view
Lateral view
Right anterior oblique view
Left anterior oblique view
66. The anterior margins of cardiac contours in lateral view is formed by
Right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Left atrium and left ventricle
Right atrium and right ventricle
Right ventricle alone
67. The best radiological view to see the aorta is
Lateral view
Postero-anterior view
Right anterior oblique view
Left anterior oblique view
68. The "Hoffman Rigler Sign" is suggestive of
Right atrial enlargement
Left atrial enlargement
Left ventricular enlargement
Right ventricular enlargement
69. "Sternal Contact Sign" denotes:
Right atrial enlargement
Right ventricular enlargement
Pulmonary artery dilatation
RV enlargement with pulmonary artery dilatation
70. The"double density sign" (increased density producing a convex border overlying or to the right of right heart border) indicates:
Posterior enlargement of left atrium
Rightward enlargement of left atrium
Superior enlargement of left atrium
All of the above
71. The superior enlargement of left atrium manifest as
An increased density producing a convex border overlying the right heart border (double density)
Widening of carinal angle to more than 90 degrees
Straightening and convexity of left heart border
All of the above
72. Right atrial enlargement in PA view is suggested by
The right heart border more than 3 cm from the midline
Right heart border 4 cm more from the midline
Right heart border more than 5.5 cm from midline
Right heart border more than 7 cm from midline
73. Pulmonary plethora indicated by
Pulmonary branches are visualized beyond the inner 2/3rd of lungs
Vessels in the upper and lower lobes are dilated to the same degree
The number of end on vessels seen is 5 or more in both lung fields (or 3 or more in one lung field)
All of the above
74. Pericardial calcification is better seen on
AP view
Lateral view
RA view
LA view
75. Which of the following is not a radiological feature of pulmonary embolism?
Ring sign
Westermark sign
Fleischner's sign
Hampton hump
76. Which of the following radiological features is suggestive of dissection of the aorta?
Widened mediastinum
Ring sign
Abnormal aortic knob
All of the above
77. All of the following drains into the right Atrium except:
Inferior Vena Cava
Venae Cordis Minimae
Right Pulmonary Vein
Superior Vena Cava
78. Which of the following is a feature of Pulmonary Venous Hypertension?
Central atrial enlargement, manifesting as an increased convexity of the pulmonary conus
Enlargement of descending pulmonary artery
Sharp pruning of peripheral vasculature
Kerley Blines
79. Which of the following represents atrial systole in RA PRESSURE wave form?
"a" wave
"c" wave
"v" wave
"y" wave
80. Which of the following structure is referred as Pacemaker of the heart?
Sinoatrial node
A-V Node
Interatrial conduction tracts
Bundle of HIS
81. Which of the following structures is responsible for conduction of impulse from right to left atrium
Purkinje Fibers
Bundle of HIS
Bundle of Thorel
Bachman Bundle
82. The "PR" interval in surface EKG represents conduction of Impulse:
From SA node to AV node
From SA node to Bundle of HIS
From SA node to Bundle branches
From SA node to ventricular muscles
83. Which of the following waveform represents final phase of re-polarisation of cardiac action potential
P wave
QRS complex
T wave
U wave
84. The QRS amplitude is much higher than P wave because of
Longer distance of travel of impulse
Slower rate of conduction through ventricular muscles
Depolarization of larger muscle mass
All of the above
85. Which of the following is not a cause of ST segment elevation in EKG
Acute pericarditis
Mitral valve prolapse
Early repolarization
Aneurysm
86. Which of the following is a non-ischaemic cause of ST segment depression?
Sub-endocardial ischaemia
Non Q Wave MI
Secondary ST segment changes with Bundle Branch Block
Reciprocal changes in acute Q wave MI
87. The most Labile waveform in EKG is:
P wave
QRS wave
T wave
U wave
88. In normal EKG, "T" wave is always upright in lead:
I,IIandV3-V6
II, III and avF
avR, avL and avF
avL and V1 to V6
89. The "T" wave is always inverted in
Lead II, III and avF
Lead avR
Lead V1 to V3
All of the above
90. All the following produces tall "T" wave in ECG "except"
Idiopathic apical hypertrophy
Hyperkalemia
Early repolarization abnormality
Early stage of ST elevation
Other Question Papers
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Subjects
- Cardio-Vascular Epidemiology
- Cardio-Vascular Related Disorders
- Common Cardio-Vascular Diseases-I
- Common Cardio-Vascular Diseases-II
- Common Cardio-Vascular Diseases-III
- Fundamentals of Cardio-Vascular System-I
- Fundamentals of Cardio-Vascular System-II