1. Explain soil erosion and its effects in a region. Describe the factors responsible for soil erosion by water. Also explain the different forms of soil erosion by water based on the mechanics involved.

2. Explain, with the help of neat sketches, various types of inlets, conduits and outlets used in different permanent soil conservation structures for controlling soil erosion.

3. Derive an expression for computing the critical depth of flow in a rectangular hydraulic channel. Compute the permissible discharge through a 3 m wide rectangular channel with a critical depth of flow as 1 m.

4. Explain the functions of vegetative waterways. Design a triangular shaped grassed waterway to drain a 100 hectare land with drainage coefficient of 4 cm. The channel has side slopes 4 longitudinal slope and Manning's roughness coefficient 0.04. Is this design safe against erosion?

5. Describe various growth stages of sugarcane cultivation. Also, explain various planting methods for sugarcane. Mention two major diseases of sugarcane and their control measures.

6. Describe Hooghoudt's equation, along with the assumptions used, for computing the spacing of open drains to facilitate subsurface drainage from a land under steady-state condition. Make a neat sketch of the drainage system and label it.

7. How do weeds harm a crop? Explain the weed control measures adopted in rice or wheat crops.

8. Write the purpose of in-situ rainwater conservation. Describe various methods for in-situ rainwater conservation.

9. Explain the characteristics of alkaline and saline soils. Describe one important method each for reclamation of these problem soils.

10. Write short notes on any two of the following:

Classification of infectious plant diseases

Bio-drainage

Agricultural drought

Sprayers for agro-chemical application