1. Write the correct answer for the following:

Bernoulli's equation contains the following:

Velocity head

Datum head

Potential head

All of the above

Specific gravity of a liquid is the ratio of

density of liquid to density of water

density of water to density of liquid

density of liquid

density of water to density of air

Absolute Pressure on a liquid is given as

Gauge Pressure

Vacuum Pressure

Gauge Vacuum Pressure

Mass x Velocity

Flow is termed steady if the fluid characteristics

do not change at a point with time

do not change with distance at a given time

constantly change with respect to time

None of the above

Continuity equation is based on the conservation of

Mass

Momentum

Energy

Velocity

Pitot tube is used for measuring

Area

Discharge

Velocity

Energy

Minor losses occur due to

Bends

Pipe fitting

Enlargement

All of the above

Describe the continuity equation.

A 30 cm diameter pipe, carrying water, branches into two pipes of diameters 20 cm and 15 cm. If the average velocity in the 30 em diameter pipe is 2·5 find the discharge in this pipe. Also determine the velocity in the 15 cm pipe, if the average velocity in the 20 cm pipe is 2 m/s.

State the Bernoulli's theorem and write the assumptions made in its derivation.

Derive Bernoulli's equation from Euler's equation.

Water is flowing through a pipe of 5 cm diameter, under a pressure of 29·43 N/cm^2 (gauge) and with mean velocity of 2 m/s. Find the total head of the water at a cross-section, 5 m above the datum line.

What are orifices How are they classified based on cross-sectional area and submergence level?

A circular tank of 4 m diameter contains water up to 5 m height. The tank is provided with an orifice of diameter 0·05 m at the bottom. Find the time taken by water

to fall from 5m to 2m

for completely emptying the tank. Assume Cd 0·6.

5. Find the head loss when a pipe of diameter 200 mm. is suddenly enlarged to a diameter of 400 mm. The rate of water flow through the pipe is 250 l/s.

A 150 mm. diameter pipe reduces in diameter abruptly to 100 mm. diameter. If the pipe carries water at 30 calculate. the pressure loss across the contraction. Assume Cc =0·6.

Find the flow velocity and flow rate of water through a rectangular channel of width 6 m and 3 m depth, when it is running full. The channel has a bed slope of 1 in 2000. Assume Chezy's constant C 55.

The rate of flow of water through a circular channel of diameter 0·6 m is 150 l/s. Find the slope of the W of the channel for maximum velocity. Take C 60.

7. Write short notes on any four of the following:

Capillarity.

Principle of Conservation of Energy

Venturimeter

Vena Contracta

Circular Formula