What are different types of errors? Illustrate your answer for the case of linear measurements with a tape.
What are the characteristics of contours? Explain with neat sketches.

2.(a) What is total station? What are the accessories provided in it? Write its advantages.
A 20 m chain was found to be 15 cm too long after chaining a distance of 1600 m. It was found to be 30 cm too long at the end of day's work after chaining a total distance of 3200 m. Find the correct distance of the chain was correct before the commencement of work.

3.(a) Discuss temporary adjustments of a surveyor's compass. A line AB was drawn to have a magnetic bearing of 26°30' in an old map when the declination was 2°30'E. Determine the magnetic bearing of the line of the present declination is 5°30'W.

4.(a) Compare height of instrument method with rise and fall method. Which one is more accurate? The following readings were taken during reciprocal levelling to find the difference in elevation between two points. Find the true difference in elevation between them. If the RL of P is 125-945 find RL of Q. <img src='./qimages/10549-4b.jpg'>

5.(a) What is two point problem? Describe the procedure in detail.
What are the various adjustments of a plane table?

6.(a) What is the difference between a compass traverse and a theodolite traverse?
Explain Bowditch rule for traverse balancing.

7.(a) If the sensitivity of the bubble tube of a level is 30" of arc per division determine the
distance of a point at which the combined curvature and refraction correction become numerically equal to the error induced by dislevelment of one division of the level tube.
Discuss the uses of contour maps.

8. Write short notes on any four of the following: Location of contour gradient Principles of surveying Tape corrections Designation of bearings Balancing of angles of the traverse